This curious mushroom, which grows in the wild on dead trees and stumps, is now sold in any supermarket, is found in pizzas and pies, and somehow it has become completely imperceptible. familiar product. By the way, how to write and pronounce correctly oyster mushrooms, but not oyster mushrooms. Letter e appeared in the name during the active spread of this fungus in the post-Soviet space, when no one paid due attention to the rules for writing names.
In Western Europe and the USA they are called oyster mushrooms, that is oyster mushrooms. In Southeast Asia, oyster mushrooms are considered an elite delicacy, and they are used in Asian cuisine as abundantly as shiitake mushrooms. The history of growing oyster mushrooms on an industrial scale dates back to the First World War. German mushroom growers have developed fast way cultivation of unpretentious, but very valuable mushrooms. At first, oyster mushroom was bred on the trunks of fallen trees, stumps and rotten ones, getting a fairly large harvest. Oyster mushroom was easy to process, and in the difficult war years, such food assistance was very helpful. They really took up oyster mushrooms in the early 60s. Industrial breeding, growing in special conditions, a feeding system, ease of harvesting and storing crops have made growing oyster mushrooms a profitable activity, and the mushrooms themselves are inexpensive and convenient to use.
Oyster mushrooms are tasty and healthy. In composition, these mushrooms are similar to meat, contain proteins, vitamins of groups B, C, E and a rather rare vitamin D2, which helps the proper absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the intestines. Preparations with vitamin D2 are prescribed for patients with rickets and people suffering from calcium metabolism disorders. Oyster mushrooms help reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol, normalize blood pressure and even remove radionuclides. Oyster mushrooms contain calcium, potassium, iodine and iron compounds. Oyster mushrooms have a moderately low calorie content - 38 kcal per 100 g and can be considered a dietary product.
In the wild, oyster mushrooms are found in the forests of central Russia. They grow in groups on stumps, deadwood, weak or fallen trees. Oyster mushrooms love birches, aspens and oaks, but they can also be seen on coniferous trees. The inconvenience of picking oyster mushrooms in the forest is complicated by the fact that mushrooms climb high on the trunk, grow in inconvenient places and require a certain dexterity from the mushroom picker. Oyster mushrooms grow from late September to late November and even until December. But oyster mushrooms, unlike other mushrooms, lend themselves perfectly to breeding, their production is profitable, safe and allows you to eat fresh mushrooms around the clock.
Most often, oyster mushrooms can be found in stores already packaged, which is undoubtedly convenient. Like other mushrooms, oyster mushrooms grown in captivity are devoid of the disadvantages of wild brothers - worms and pitted from slugs and insects. Most likely, they are devoid of merit. forest mushrooms. Fortunately, a huge selection of mushrooms in Russian forests allows you not to think about such trifles and enjoy the benefits of civilization, that is, artificially grown oyster mushrooms, to the fullest.
Oyster mushrooms can reach quite large sizes: caps from 5 to 20 cm in diameter, shaped like ears. Young mushrooms are dark gray or brownish in color, mature ones are dark gray, with an ashy or purple tint. Purchased oyster mushrooms are best stored in the refrigerator whole and unwashed. Sealed packaging should be removed - in polyethylene, oyster mushrooms can be banned and deteriorate. By transferring to a glass or plastic container, you will extend the life of the mushrooms and preserve the taste.
Cooking oyster mushrooms is an extremely simple task. The easiest way is frying. To do this, the mushrooms must be cleaned or washed quickly. Cut them into large pieces and fry in oil for 7-10 minutes. It is very important not to overcook the mushrooms, otherwise they may lose their taste greatly. Feel free to try them while cooking, oyster mushrooms are not poisonous. Any mushrooms love onions, if you love them too, fry onions in a pan first, and then oyster mushrooms - it will turn out even tastier. If you like different varieties of mushrooms with potatoes, eggplant, zucchini, carrots and cabbage, then use a simple Chinese technology: fry oyster mushrooms separately from vegetables, and then combine, heat and serve. If mushrooms are fried together, say, with potatoes, then either the potatoes will not be fried, or the mushrooms will fry and turn into what is called “tar”, that is, they will become black, sticky and tasteless, similar to burnt rubber. Don't do it.
If you don’t feel like frying, but you want soup or just make a reserve for secret purposes or a salad, boil oyster mushrooms in salted water. If doubts gnaw - boil in two waters. In the first, let the water boil, lower the oyster mushrooms, let the water boil again and immediately transfer the mushrooms to another container with boiling salted water. There, cook for about 15 minutes. Oyster mushrooms from the store should not cause panic mushroom fear, and cooking them twice is simply irrational. Although, if you are going to marinate them or just make fun of them, cook them.
An inquisitive reader must have noticed that oyster mushrooms are often found in all kinds of fillings for pies, pizzas, buns, mushroom sauces and anywhere a recipe calls for mushrooms. Determining oyster mushroom in the filling is extremely simple: if not champignon (light), then oyster mushroom. And the mushroom is really very good for the filling. Minimal preparation in the form of frying with onions or boiling (let the water drain) - and the mushrooms can be laid in a layered pie, homemade pizza your favorite size, or just make pies and treat friends at a picnic.
In the United States and Canada, oyster mushrooms, or oyster mushrooms, are considered a delicacy. It is believed that the popularity of oyster mushrooms is a consequence of their miraculous effect. They say that oyster mushrooms increase male potency. In Asia, oyster mushrooms are loved almost in the same way as shiitake: they are cooked in oil, added to noodles, served with rice, sauces are prepared, dumplings are made from them, pickled or cooked lightly. spicy snack. Noodles with mushrooms are prepared according to the same principle as potatoes with mushrooms, that is, oyster mushrooms are boiled with vegetables for about 15 minutes, and then separately cooked noodles are added to them and seasoned with herbs. This typical Southeast Asian dish can also be made in cold Russia, for example, in Lent. For dumplings, mushrooms are boiled, then chopped, fried with chopped onions and peppers in oil, transferred to pieces of dough, the ends fastened and boiled, like ordinary dumplings, until they float. Served with thick spicy sauces or with sour cream.
Ingredients:
600 g pork
300 g oyster mushrooms
2 bulbs
2 tomatoes
200 g sour cream
1 st. a spoonful of vegetable oil
oregano,
salt.
Cooking:
Clean the onion. Wash mushrooms and tomatoes. Cut the fat from the meat, chop it finely, chop the mushrooms, onions and tomatoes coarsely. Cut the meat into thin slices. Heat the saucepan, add oil, calcine it, add lard, fry for a few minutes. Add meat and sear over medium heat for 5 minutes on each side. Transfer the meat to a separate container, remove the roasts. Fry the onion in the same saucepan, then add the tomatoes and mushrooms. Sprinkle with oregano. Cook for 5-6 minutes, then add meat, salt, pepper, pour in sour cream, cover and simmer for another 7-8 minutes. Sprinkle with fresh chopped herbs when serving.
Ingredients:
240 g thin rice noodles,
100 g oyster mushrooms
100 g broccoli,
1 egg
1 st. sherry spoon,
2 tbsp. spoons of soy sauce
1 chili pepper
1 cm ginger root (fresh)
2-3 green onions,
1 teaspoon of sugar
frying oil,
salt.
Cooking:
Whisk the egg with salt and make a thin omelet in butter. Cool, roll up, cut into rings. Disassemble the broccoli into inflorescences, chop the ginger, cut the oyster mushrooms into strips. Remove the seeds from the pepper, chop the pulp. Break up the vermicelli and deep fry. Put the vermicelli on a paper towel, pour in the oil, leave for a couple of tablespoons. Fry broccoli with mushrooms on a strong flame for a couple of minutes, add sherry to them, soy sauce, sugar, ginger and chili. Remove from fire. Lay the noodles, vegetables with mushrooms, garnish with cilantro and onions. Serve with an omelet.
Oyster mushroom will introduce beginner cooks to the world of mushrooms and will help experienced chefs to give a pleasant mushroom flavor to their creations. Use oyster mushrooms sparingly, cook for a short time and don't be afraid!
Growing mushrooms at home and in household plots has not yet become common. What for? After all, every autumn the forests are filled with white, honey mushrooms, chanterelles and boletus. But there are mushrooms that either do not grow in our forests at all, or do so with great reluctance. They can perfectly diversify the menu, as well as make good money on them. For example, a plantation of oyster mushrooms in your own dacha is more than real! It is an ideal mushroom for cultivation in the household. Delicious, inexpensive (in terms of labor and cost technological process). You can grow oyster mushrooms different ways, but there is an option chosen by the time and experience of many amateur mushroom growers.
Growing oyster mushrooms at home
"Children of the Underground"
For the first phase of growing mushrooms, which is their reproduction with the help of mycelium (mycelium), you can get by with any ground room - a shed, for example.
The second, main phase, is better for mushrooms to “live” in the cellar or basement, that is, underground in coolness.
Growing oyster mushrooms - photo
Both rooms for a mushroom plantation must be carefully prepared and equipped with ventilation, electricity and water supply. From the inventory, you will definitely need thermometers to control the degree of heating and cooling of the air in the room. From the equipment you will need a water heater.
By the way! Temperature regulation in a room with growing oyster mushrooms is best controlled by normal ventilation. To do this, it will be necessary to provide for the possibility of wide opening of windows or doors.
There are several mandatory procedures that should be carried out in a building or underground room where mushrooms will grow.
- The premises are whitewashed with lime and then dried using the active ventilation method.
The walls are whitewashed with lime - photo
- Then the place of cultivation is sprayed with bleach (4% solution).
- After processing, the doors / windows are closed and the inside is left to be disinfected for two days.
- Then the object is ventilated for the same amount of time.
- A similar disinfection treatment for conveyor multiple cultivation should be carried out every cycle.
What do mushrooms grow on
Oyster mushrooms differ from forest counterparts in that they do not grow in the soil. They need a substrate to grow successfully. You can make a suitable mixture from numerous components:
- dried straw of field cereals;
- the shell of sunflower seeds is suitable;
- it is very good to use sawdust of trees, but not conifers, but hardwoods;
- suitable corn stalks, reeds.
Substrate preparation
All this will become an ideal "soil" for an oyster mushroom plantation. The components can be used separately, and it is permissible to mix them in arbitrary combinations and proportions. The ingredients must be dry. Before use, they must be crushed (the optimal size of the fractions is in the range of 0.5-3 cm). The resulting mixture should have a pleasant smell, not contain traces of mold, fungal debris and foreign matter.
Prepare the substrate on the surface of the earth, it is not necessary to do this in the cellar. For proper preparation and compliance with all regulations, certain procedures must be followed.
- The crushed mass is poured with boiling water until completely covered, to destroy all kinds of competing organisms in the form of other varieties or harmful microflora.
Humidification and mixing of the substrate
- The substrate poured in this way, steamed to the state of "porridge", is rammed into large barrels or other containers suitable for displacement and left to swell for up to half a day.
- Then the mass is removed from the barrel and laid out for complete cooling and evaporation of part of the moisture on a wide film with a thin layer.
Stage one: mycelium - building mass
Oyster mushroom mycelium
Preparation is over. Mycelium purchased. You can proceed to the first stage, the task of which is to increase its mass.
Advice! How to check the quality of the mycelium of the oyster mushroom progenitor? It must have some characteristics. Snow-white in color, with a small proportion of substrate interspersed with a darkish tint. The second parameter is smell. Despite the fact that this mushroom does not grow in the forest, the mycelium should smell like forest mushrooms.
- A layer of wet cold substrate is placed in a dense transparent polyethylene bag with a volume of 20 to 60 liters. Layer height - 8 cm. Carefully leveled by hand.
Laying the substrate
- The mycelium is laid on top, tightly tamping, with a three-centimeter layer (you can simply tear it into small pieces to compact it without voids).
- Then the substrate is laid and compacted, but already with a layer of 15 cm.
- Again a three-centimeter layer of mycelium.
Mushroom substrate bags
- The procedure should be repeated until all the acquired mycelium is finished. At the same time, a substrate layer of 8 cm should be on top.
- Received " layered cake» sealed, the bag is tied tightly with twine and placed in a vertical position.
- The entire surface of the bag is pierced with a long disinfected (can be ignited on fire) nail, 120-150 mm in size. Not every 25 cm² has one hole.
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Advice! There should be more holes at the bottom: this is necessary to drain the liquid that is constantly formed in the bag.
Immediately after the procedure, a clear separation of the layers into dark and light (substrate and mycelium) will be visible through the film of the package.
The temperature required to increase the mass of mycelium should be kept at + 18 ... 26 ° С. Mycelial spore germination will begin in three days, and ten days later you can observe a miracle. The whole mass will turn into mycelium and become completely white. After that, the package is untied and reproduction is continued to the desired amount.
Suspended bags of substrate and growing oyster mushrooms
One full standard bag gives "life" to 8-10 other bags with a layer (substrate + mycelium). When, finally, the required amount of mycelium for your purposes is formed, then 2 packets out of every ten are left for subsequent mass growth, and 8 are transferred to receive the long-awaited oyster mushroom harvest.
fruiting process
Oyster mushroom cultivation
The whitened substrate must be kept in the "native" bag for another 5-6 days after ripening, if this bag is sent for fruiting. During this period, it will finally ripen, become “monolithic”, and compact as much as possible.
To activate the beginning of crop formation, bags with mycelium that has completely processed the substrate are kept at + 3 ... 5 ° C for another three days. In order for the mushroom fruiting body to grow, it needs space to grow. Creating it, holes 3-5 cm in diameter are cut out in polyethylene (one per square meter). Packages are moved to an underground room in temperature conditions of +10…16°С. Here they are installed at a distance of at least 30-40 cm from each other, always vertically. To make it more convenient to water the mushroom "plantation", the bags are placed in three rows of ribbons with a passage of 70 cm between them.
Advice! If you are a happy owner of a high basement, then you can also place bags with future mushrooms on additional racks located along the walls. Such placement will increase the usable area, and hence the yield of mushrooms.
Care for future mushrooms
Once a day, the bags should be moistened a little, and the room itself should be thoroughly ventilated, since a large amount of carbon dioxide is formed during the fruiting of oyster mushrooms. As for the lighting in the dungeon, during the first week it will not be needed at all, and then it would be nice to highlight the room. Mushrooms will grow in any case - with or without light - but the backlight can significantly increase the yield.
Watering oyster mushrooms
If all conditions are met, after 10 days the first fruiting will begin. When the mushroom heads begin to lighten (after the whitish, dark and grayish-brown stage), you can harvest. After some time (about three weeks), the second fruiting will begin with a much lower productivity. Two series of fruiting, taking into account a well-chosen base and high-quality mycelium, bring up to 45 kg of oyster mushrooms from 100 kg of the substrate used. When the harvesting of mushrooms of the second wave is completed, the packages are taken out of the basement, and, after sanitizing the underground room, a new batch is placed in it. This conveyor method allows for 6 double fruitful cycles per year.
Basic rules for growing oyster mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms grow in a bag of hay
Table. Growing conditions by cycle
| 1 | Germination of mycelial bodies in the substrate | 10-14 | 20-24 | 90 | not required |
| 2 | Ripening and fruiting | 4-5 | 22-28 | 95 | not required |
| 3 | Growing the fruiting body (1 wave) | 7-10 | 15-19 | 85 | 100 |
| 4 | Growing the fruiting body (wave 2) | 7-10 | 13-17 | 85 | 100 |
| 5 | Harvesting, substrate unloading, chamber disinfection | 2 | irrelevant | irrelevant | not required |
Value and use
Fresh mushrooms Oyster mushroom
Oyster mushroom is highly valued due to its useful properties. nutritional properties. In taste, it is not inferior to other cultivated mushrooms and even surpasses them, and in terms of the value of the composition, it generally has no competitors among them. Not hard, but dense texture, light bready taste and subtle anise notes on the palate. For cooking - a godsend, since oyster mushroom is a universal mushroom. It can be boiled, fried, preserved (marinated and salted), stewed, dried. The only product that the popular mushroom does not combine with is fish. Otherwise, in salads, hot dishes, soups, as a standalone culinary masterpiece- oyster mushrooms are beautiful.
Fresh oyster mushroom - photo
Important! A prerequisite for the preparation of any mushroom dishes is its heat treatment. In its raw form, it contains chitin, which is not absorbed and rejected by the human body.
Growing a mushroom, with the right space and some free time, can be not only a useful and nutritious hobby, but also a way to earn good money by supplying healthy and tasty oyster mushrooms to the distribution network.
Video - Room for forcing mushrooms Oyster mushroom
Video - Harvesting Oyster mushrooms
How to grow oyster mushrooms at home? According to a certain technology. Then you do not have to spend money on buying mushrooms. And certainly it will be possible to safely eat them without fear of poisoning.
Where to begin
You should always start with getting to know the experience of other people, so to speak - studying the materiel. There are many articles and videos about growing oyster mushrooms at home. After familiarization, you will need:
Two rooms. One directly for growing, the second - for the incubation period. It is assumed that this will be one room. Then it is necessary to strictly observe the temperature regime and regulate the level of humidity.
- nutrient substrate. Sold ready-packed.
- Mycelium itself. Pay special attention to the expiration date.
- Fan. The most common household.
- Antiseptic. Medical alcohol or chlorine solution.
- Rubber gloves, gauze bandage for the face, sharp knife, thick plastic bags.
Naturally, you have to stock up on patience (the process is not one day) and the desire to taste oyster mushrooms grown with your own hands.
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Requirements for the premises
For growing mushrooms at home, you need to allocate a separate room. It doesn't have to be a bedroom or a living room. Basement, cellar, shed, garage - it's all great. For the incubation period, the temperature should be maintained no higher than 24-26 ° C, air humidity no more than 70%.
Separately, it must be said about cleanliness. Washing with bleach every centimeter is not worth it. It is better to treat with a sulfur-smoke bomb or simply whitewash the walls with lime with the addition of copper sulfate. Then no foreign mold will infect the mycelium.
The main condition is that all ventilation openings must be closed with a fine mesh. Mushroom flies strive to fly to the aroma of mycelium and spoil the whole idea from the very beginning.
For the period of germination and harvesting, the humidity in the room should be at the level of 80-95%, the temperature should not exceed 18°C.
Advice. Basement or cellar - the most optimal premises. Humidity is always high in such places, and the temperature can be raised with an ordinary heater.
Substrate preparation for oyster mushrooms
As a nutrient medium for growing oyster mushrooms at home, you can use any substrate available, as long as it contains cellulose. That is what the fungus feeds on. Experienced mushroom growers use sawdust, small branches or shavings. For beginners it is best to use:
- barley straw
- sunflower seed husk
- corn stalks, leaves
- wheat straw
- buckwheat husk
- husked corn on the cob
First of all, you need to carefully sort out the prepared raw materials. The mass must be clean and dry. The presence of mold or the presence of only the smell of decay already indicates that the raw material is not suitable for growing oyster mushrooms.
After the selection of the mass, it is necessary to process it thermally for reliability. This will get rid of harmful bacteria, insect larvae, and at the same time moisturize it. To do this, raw materials are poured into metal dishes, poured with clean water. Heat to a boil, cook for about 40 minutes. Then leave for 3 hours.
As soon as the temperature of the mass drops to 24-26 ° C, you can start planting.
Advice. For best results, a little is added to the raw material before planting. fresh yeast. Approximately 50 g per 15 kg of total weight.
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planting material
Mycelium good quality it's very difficult to make your own. Therefore, it is better to buy it in seed shops or from oyster mushroom growing enterprises. How many grams do you need? It's very easy to calculate. For 10 kg of raw materials, about 400 g of mycelium is needed.
First of all, before buying, you need to carefully inspect the package with planting material. Gray or black spots, a distinct smell of ammonia are signs of incipient mold. Such mycelium is not suitable for planting. The color of the vegetative body of the fungus should be from bright yellow to orange.
Advice. If the mycelium was purchased in advance, then it must be stored in the refrigerator until planting, no more than 9 days. A temperature of 3-5°C is the most optimal.
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The most important moment
The substrate is prepared, the planting material is purchased and has already rested for a day at room temperature. Take a deep breath, let's get started.
The most important thing is that there should not be the slightest draft in the room. Mushroom spores are very volatile. The slightest breath and then you can find oyster mushrooms in places that are completely unsuitable for them.
All instruments must be disinfected. Knife, heavy bags, hands. You can wash it thoroughly with laundry soap or wipe it with aseptolin. Hands can be additionally protected with gloves. They also need to be treated with an antiseptic. Be sure to wear a gauze bandage. Getting fungus spores into the lungs is not a very pleasant event.
The process itself:
- The mycelium is crushed without opening the package.
- Raw materials are poured onto the bottom of the prepared plastic bag.
- The vegetative body of the oyster mushroom is laid out in a thin layer on top.
- Repeat layers to the very top.
- The bag is tightly tied.
In order for the mushrooms to germinate faster, it is advisable to lay out the planting material closer to the walls of the bag than to the center.
You can do it even easier. Pour raw materials into prepared bags, make small cuts with a knife. Mycelium is laid in them, then glued.
Advice. Do not take huge packages. All the same, oyster mushrooms will grow only on the outside. The most optimal size holds about 5-8 kg of the finished mixture.
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Incubation period
So, the bags are filled, tied, waiting for their fate. Which? Warmth, darkness, calmness. The temperature in the incubation room should not exceed 18-20°C. The substrate is very hot, the vegetative body may die. It is impossible to ventilate the room, the emitted carbon dioxide is very important for the germination of oyster mushrooms.
What to do? Fan! It will save the situation, help cool the packages, does not make drafts.
A day after laying, the previously made incisions are opened. If the mycelium was laid in layers, then it is imperative to make cuts with a sharp knife. Vertical 2-3 cm high, horizontal about 0.5 cm wide, the distance between them is 10-12 cm.
Packages should not be tightly packed together. Between them leave a free space of at least 7-9 cm.
The incubation time depends on the variety, ranging from 16 to 24 days. Detailed information can be obtained from the manufacturer, or read on the packaging.
It is important to periodically enter the room and inspect the bags. The appearance of black spots, an unpleasant odor indicates that the instruments and materials were not sufficiently disinfected. The normal state is a light, almost white color of the contents, a characteristic pleasant aroma of mushrooms.
Advice. Inspection is carried out as soon as possible. Any light is now undesirable for the mycelium.
First fruiting. Important Aspects
It is important not to miss the moment when oyster mushroom buds appear. They are visible to the naked eye. On a white background - gray tubercles. In the meantime, packages with mushrooms are transferred to another room, or the conditions in the same room are changed:
- The temperature is reduced to 10-18°C.
- Increase air humidity up to 90-95%.
- Put artificial lighting with fluorescent lamps for a period of at least 8 hours per day.
- Be sure to ventilate the room. At least 4 times a day.
The main factor for the first fruiting period is humidity. However, oyster mushrooms should not be watered. They can rot before reaching their size. The ideal way out of the situation would be frequent spraying of walls, floors, spraying water in the air. Care should be taken to ensure that water does not get on the mushroom caps and bags.
Advice. If light-colored oyster mushrooms are needed, then the temperature is kept at 12 ° C. To obtain a dark hat, the temperature is raised to 18°C.
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Second fruiting
After the first crop is harvested, mushroom blocks are not thrown away! Oyster mushroom gives up to 5 harvests from one planting. The mushroom picker rests for about 12 days, then pleases with a new portion healthy treats. It is very important not to change the conditions during breaks between harvests. Then one block can bear fruit for up to 4 months.
And if there is no separate room
How to grow oyster mushrooms at home if there is no separate room? Yes, it's also very easy! When did this something stop a Russian person, if he needed to? There is no basement, which means growing on stumps is a completely alternative option.
This will require:
- Smooth stumps of non-resinous tree species.
- Planting material.
- Secluded place in the garden with good shade.
- Burlap, film.
- Enthusiasm is welcome.
Wood must be healthy, free of mold, rot or rot. It is desirable that before use it lay no longer than 10 months. Poleshki are soaked in clean water for 3 days, pressing with oppression so that they do not float.
Then holes are made in the tree, best with a drill. The diameter is about 1-1.5 cm, the depth is about 5-7 cm. The planting material of oyster mushrooms is poured inside, the holes are plugged with moss. If there is no drill at hand, then simply cut off the upper end of a log 5 cm thick, apply a vegetative body. The resulting saw cut is placed on top. For reliability, you can strengthen the structure with nails.
The procedure is carried out in March. Before planting the logs in the garden, they are folded into a pyramid, covered with burlap and film. Periodic ventilation, regular inspection for mold is the key to success. After a while, the mycelium will completely braid the wood, the stumps will turn white.
With the onset of warm weather (mid or late May), the poles are planted in the garden. Shaded places are chosen: under trees, grapes, on the north side of buildings. Hemp is installed vertically, deepening into the ground by 12-15 cm. At the bottom of the pits, you can put wet foliage or soaked old barley grains.
Caring for logs consists only in carefully watering the soil around if it is dry, hot weather.
Subject to technology, the first harvest appears from the end of August. Continues until mid-November, depending on the climate and weather conditions. For the winter, the poles are covered with spruce branches or covered with leaves. Ideal - birch. They disinfect well and do not allow the mycelium to rot.
Of course, this method is not suitable for the industrial cultivation of oyster mushrooms, but it is very good for home use. With little input, you can get good yields. The only downside is seasonality. Oyster mushrooms do not grow under snow in winter.
Advice. Such poles with clusters of oyster mushrooms can become an original decoration of the site. They can be prepared as much as there is enough free land. There will be enough mushrooms for myself and relatives and for sale.
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A few nuances
- All work on the cultivation of oyster mushrooms is recommended to be carried out in a gauze bandage. Mushrooms produce a large number of spores, which can lead to allergies.
- When harvesting, oyster mushrooms are twisted by hand from the substrate. When cutting with a knife, you can infect the mycelium with putrefactive bacteria, then you will have to forget about the next crops. The remaining roots of mushrooms also harm the mycelium. They lose a lot of moisture.
- If the slightest sign of mold appears in one of the bags, you must immediately remove it from the room so that the rest do not infect.
- The spent substrate is an excellent fertilizer, it will be a pity to throw it in the trash. Take out to the garden or pour out in the garden - the right decision. By the way, the remains of mycelium for the next year can give a small harvest of oyster mushrooms, if you pour the mixture somewhere near a reservoir or under trees.
- When grown indoors, the first two waves of fruiting are most productive. On Poleshka, the second and third years of cultivation are the most prolific.
Growing oyster mushrooms on your own at home is a very real thing. Just follow the instructions and enjoy the result!
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Video: oyster mushroom cultivation technology
Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) has both benefits for the human organum and harm. Similar ratio useful properties and contraindications is typical for all mushrooms, and Pleurotus ostreatus is no exception to the rule.
Compound
The calorie content of oyster mushrooms per 100 grams of fresh product is 43 kcal. This amount contains:
- 9% off daily allowance fiber;
- 25% niacin;
- 21% vitamin B2;
- 13% pantothenic acid;
- 12% copper, potassium, phosphorus;
- 8% vitamin B1;
- 7% folate and iron;
- 6% vitamin B6 and manganese.
In a slightly smaller amount, the composition of the product includes trace elements magnesium, zinc, selenium.
Mushrooms are rich in complete protein, which makes them an extremely nutritious food.
The health benefits of oyster mushrooms are determined not only by the listed main components, but also by those biologically active compounds that are present in their composition in smaller quantities, but have a strong effect on the body.
- natural lovastatin;
- natural antibiotics;
- substances that regulate the functioning of genes p53 and p21, which are responsible for the transition of the cell to a state of apoptosis (cell death) and therefore play a large role in the prevention of cancer;
- beta-glucans and glycoproteins with immunomodulatory functions, etc.
Beneficial features
Since oyster mushrooms contain a significant amount of different medicinal compounds, their health benefits are varied. Here are just some of healing properties these mushrooms.
| Prevention and assistance in the treatment of cancer. | Prevention of atherosclerosis by lowering low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. |
| Improving brain function, preventing Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. | Improved control of blood glucose levels. |
| Elimination of chronic constipation. | Destruction of free radicals. |
| Fight against inflammatory processes. | Antimicrobial, fungicidal and antiviral activity. |
| Strengthening immunity. | Impotence warning. |
Is it good to eat when losing weight?
- These mushrooms low calorie and high nutritional value. In addition, they are digested for a long time, well suppressing the feeling of hunger.
- Since oyster mushrooms are rich in protein, they are thermogenic foods. In other words, they help speed up the metabolism, while at the same time making it possible to maintain muscle mass.
- The ability of mushrooms to increase blood sugar control is important for eliminating insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of weight gain and the rapid formation of the most dangerous visceral fat deposits for health.
- Oyster mushrooms are useful for weight loss because they fight inflammation. According to current scientific information, in the body of people who are overweight, those inflammatory reactions always occur that accelerate the process of gaining excess body weight.
How to use correctly?
Can you eat it raw?
There is an opinion that oyster mushrooms can be eaten raw. In fact, it is strongly discouraged to do this.
This not only eliminates all the benefits of the product, since the useful components contained in it have not been absorbed, but also creates a huge burden on the digestive system. That is why after a meal with raw mushrooms, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can develop.
In addition, the raw product contains two toxins - hemolysin and osteolysin, which negatively affect blood cells. Both toxins completely decompose after any, even the shortest, heat treatment. But in raw mushrooms are present.
Is it possible to get poisoned?
Common cherry ( Pleurotus ostreatus) cannot be poisoned. This is an edible mushroom. The toxins present in its fruiting body, which were mentioned above, quickly decompose when heated. But even when eating raw mushrooms, it is impossible to eat enough of them to be poisoned by these toxins.
Indigestion that develops after eating raw oyster mushrooms is sometimes mistaken for poisoning. But this is not mushroom poisoning. And the usual "clogging of the stomach."
It is difficult to confuse oyster mushrooms with inedible mushrooms. The only truly dangerous species that looks like Pleurotus ostreatus, grows in Australia.
We can meet Lentinellus ursinus. This is an inedible mushroom. But it is not so poisonous that they could be poisoned at the first tasting. It will not be possible to eat a lot of this gift of the forest, as it is wildly bitter.
Should I boil before frying?
Oyster mushrooms are rather soft mushrooms. Therefore, pre-boiling is not necessary. But desirable. Especially in cases where the mushrooms were collected independently in the forest and / or they are planned to be given to children, weakened and elderly people, those who suffer from diseases of the digestive system.
Oyster mushrooms are boiled before frying for a short time - only 5 minutes in salted water.
Since quite a lot of liquid is released from these mushrooms during frying, it is sometimes advised not to boil them on purpose. And just a little put out in own juice which is then merged.
Recipe Examples
Salads
There are many salads that can be prepared from oyster mushrooms. Here are just a few examples.
Salad with egg. With addition fresh cucumber and chicken breast. You can fill it with both mayonnaise and sour cream.
Potato-mushroom salad with pickled cucumbers. Subtle and quite simple.
There are recipes and warm salads with these mushrooms.
Soups
From oyster mushrooms you can cook the most common classic mushroom soup. Potatoes, carrots, onions, greens. Nothing unusual.
Soup puree. Almost any type of mushroom can be used to make puree soup. Oyster mushrooms are no exception. For softness of taste, add both cream and butter.
And here is another interesting version of soup with homemade noodles.
Main dishes
. Honey mushrooms, boletus, boletus ... Yes, in fact, all mushrooms can be cooked according to this classic recipe. Oyster mushrooms can also be fried in sour cream with onions.
Roast with pork. With the addition of these mushrooms, it will become more original, satisfying and fragrant.
Oyster mushrooms go well with pasta.
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Despite the fact that these mushrooms can be purchased at the store all year round, nothing prevents you from preparing for the future for the winter. Yes, oyster mushrooms can be salted.
And pickle.
Freeze
Oyster mushrooms can be frozen both fresh and boiled. To freeze mushrooms raw, they need:
- thoroughly clean of debris;
- cut large hats into smaller pieces;
- wash;
- leave on baking paper or paper towel and dry completely;
- lay out on a tray in one layer, close it with a bag or lid and put it in the freezer for 2-4 hours;
- pour the hardening field into a bag or container for more compact long-term storage and put it back in the freezer.
How to freeze boiled oyster mushrooms, you can learn from the video.
Contraindications and side effects
- A strict contraindication for the use of oyster mushrooms is an allergy to them, as well as an individual intolerance to mushrooms. Both conditions are quite common.
- Like any other mushrooms, oyster mushrooms are a rather difficult food product to digest. Even in the absence of any serious illness, a mushroom meal can cause unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms in children, the elderly, those who have a high sensitivity of the digestive system from birth.
- Vashenka contains sugar alcohols. These substances, even in small amounts, lead to diarrhea in people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
- Since mushrooms are very satiating and take a long time to digest, they are not recommended to be included in the diet of small children who should gain weight.
- There are a lot of purines in yours. Therefore, their use is sometimes advised to limit those who suffer from gout.
The benefits of oyster mushrooms and their possible harm: conclusions
Pleurotus ostreatus are rich in many compounds important for health. And these are not only vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein, but also many other substances that have an unusually active effect on the human body.
Due to their unusual composition, these mushrooms enhance immunity and protect against cancer, improve brain function and help prevent diabetes. They are useful for losing weight and normalizing bowel function.
However, as with any other mushrooms, some care must be taken with cherries. They are not recommended to be eaten raw, included in the diet in too large quantities, given to small children and weakened people.
These delicious useful mushrooms in natural conditions grow on trees, stumps, deadwood. In order to grow oyster mushrooms at home, mushroom pickers use blocks with a substrate of plant origin. It develops equally rapidly, the mycelium seems to hang from their places of growth, which is directly indicated by the name of the fungus itself. The benefits and harms of oyster mushrooms are a factor that must be paid attention to, because with all its positive characteristics, this fungus is a heavy product for the gastrointestinal tract.
Oyster mushroom caps can be of different shades: pinkish, brown, white, gray, yellow. They are very fragile, so harvesting, transporting the crop requires accuracy and attention. The color of the mushroom, its size directly depend on the place of growth, variety. For food, hats are mainly used, since the legs are more rigid, however, they are also used in the manufacture of, for example, minced mushrooms for pies.
Let's digress a little from the topic. People often ask how to speak or write correctly - “oyster mushroom” or “oyster mushroom”
The word has different cases, it is inclined as you like. Speaking of the name: the correct spelling, pronunciation is exactly oyster mushroom, with the letter “Ё”. The common definition of “oyster mushroom” has become so firmly established in colloquial use in our post-Soviet space that today no one focuses on different letters. Thus, oyster mushroom and oyster mushroom are the same, the same designation of mushrooms of this variety.
Well, now about the benefits of these mushrooms.
It has much more pluses than the so-called minuses. Here we will try to highlight in detail all its qualities.
Oyster mushrooms - good for the body
Due to the high content of polysaccharides, oyster mushroom is a very strong anti-cancer food. The immunomodulatory properties of this fungus have a detrimental effect on the development of malignant or benign neoplasms. It is also useful, it is even recommended to use oyster mushroom after chemotherapy procedures, exposure to radiation - it helps to remove toxins from the human body. Today, based on oyster mushrooms, many medicines have been developed that suppress cancer cells.
The benefits for humans are as follows: they contain almost all B vitamins, nicotinic acid (vitamin PP), vitamins C, E, iron, iodine. The presence of easily digestible proteins, essential amino acids (tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine), minerals, monounsaturated fats are beneficial for the human body. Also, these mushrooms contain potassium, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, phosphorus, zinc, selenium - minerals necessary for the normal operation of all human vital functions.
From oyster mushrooms, the benefits for the body are truly wide:
Oyster mushroom is rich in chitin, manite (components of fiber), the high content of proteins in the composition of the fruiting body of the fungus equates it to the value of meat and dairy derivatives. Low fat content, high percentage of carbohydrates make these mushrooms an excellent dietary product.
Depending on the variety, its calorie content varies from 38 to 43 kcal per 100 g of product (fresh). For those who regularly consume oyster mushrooms, the benefits will be expressed in a long-term feeling of satiety. This mushroom is digested for a long time, providing an overwhelming effect on appetite. The feeling of fullness for a long time is a big plus for those who want to lose weight. 
Oyster mushrooms - harm
With its high taste, medicinal characteristics, the use of oyster mushrooms can still cause harm. More often it is an individual intolerance to mushrooms by the body, an allergic reaction to them. The use of this mushroom in large quantities causes a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, can provoke diarrhea, bloating.
Due to the difficult process of digestion, oyster mushrooms should be carefully taken by the elderly, young children. For the same reason, you should not use it too often, twice a week will be enough to enjoy oyster mushrooms without harm.
It should not be forgotten that oyster mushroom is a mushroom containing chitin, which is not digested by the body, so its heat treatment must be of high quality. Heat treatment highly desirable before pickling, before salting. Separately, it is worth mentioning drugs based on this fungus (tinctures, powders, extracts) - they no longer contain chitin, so the range of their use is much wider.
If a person suffers from diseases of the liver or kidneys, digestive disorders, serious disorders of the pancreas, then the intake of oyster mushrooms should be limited or completely abandoned.
How to cook oyster mushrooms?
Skillfully cooked oyster mushroom is not inferior in terms of palatability to their forest counterparts - boletus, boletus, white. This mushroom is simply universal: it is stewed, fried, salted, boiled soups, marinated, added to sauces, salads. It perfectly sets off the individual taste of meat, combined with game or poultry.
It should be noted that oyster mushroom is not predisposed to long-term storage, however, it cooks quickly and does not need to be peeled like most mushrooms. As mentioned above, before cooking oyster mushrooms, they must be subjected to heat treatment, i.e. boil.
The hat is used for food. Legs - less often, as they are more rigid, fibrous. If you decide to use the legs for food, then you will have to chop them well before cooking. It is preferable to cut the hats into strips of medium length or width or tear them manually into small fragments.
If oyster mushroom is not an independent dish, but part of the recipe, then it must be added almost at the very end of cooking.
If the mushroom is cooked, then it is placed in already boiling salted water, pre-cut. The cooking process lasts approximately 15-20 minutes. It is not necessary to cook before stewing. If the mushrooms are pickled, then they are boiled with spicy spices, vinegar for at least 25 minutes.
Like any mushroom, oyster mushroom loves the company of onions, they are fried in butter or vegetable oil for 8-10 minutes. To prepare salads or snacks, mushrooms are pre-fried, boiled or removed from the marinade, added to other ingredients. Mushrooms fit harmoniously into dishes traditional cuisine, adequately manifests itself in complex recipes exotic.
There is an opinion that oyster mushroom does not go well with fish.
Oyster mushrooms in batter - recipe
These delicious "chops" are prepared as follows: carefully cut off the largest hats from a bunch of mushrooms. Wash thoroughly. Beat gently with a wooden hammer, as if to align them.
Important: beat off from the side of the plates.
Salt.
Prepare batter. I took 2 eggs, 2 table. tablespoons of grated hard cheese, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of cream, 2 table. spoons of flour, salt. Beat the batter.
Gently dip the oyster mushroom caps in the batter, put in a heated frying pan with vegetable oil, fry over low heat for 10 minutes, then increase the heat, fry until golden brown.
Oyster mushrooms bought or grown by one's own hands will not be sharpened by worms or slugs. It may not have the same flavor as its forest counterparts, but it will definitely be cleaner, safer. Before harvesting and use, the benefits and harms of oyster mushrooms must be taken into account, since health and well-being are the most important thing for a person.
