Home Kashi How to cook long spaghetti without breaking. How to cook long pasta so that it doesn't stick together. How to cook spaghetti

How to cook long spaghetti without breaking. How to cook long pasta so that it doesn't stick together. How to cook spaghetti

Vermicelli - variety pasta which is known to all thanks to its interesting name characterizing its shape - small worms. About her useful properties can be said if it is made of durum varieties wheat.

There are several types and you should know how much and how to cook vermicelli. As a rule, the manufacturer indicates the exact cooking time of the product on the packaging. The average cooking time is 5-10 minutes.

How long to cook vermicelli

How much to cook small vermicelli (cobweb)?

Gossamer - the smallest vermicelli is exposed to heat treatment before cooking for 5-7 minutes.

How much to cook long vermicelli?

Long vermicelli is cooked for approximately 7-10 minutes if durum products are used. Sometimes the cooking time is increased to 12 minutes. Readiness should be checked after 7 minutes.

How long to cook vermicelli in soup?

In the soup, vermicelli should be cooked for no more than 10 minutes.

How to cook vermicelli

How to cook vermicelli in a pan?

Vermicelli in a saucepan is cooked by following these steps:

  1. Pour water into a saucepan at the rate of 100 g of product per 1 liter of water.
  2. Bring the water to a boil and salt to taste, stirring the salt (usually take 1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of water).
  3. Immerse the vermicelli in boiling water and stir thoroughly.
  4. Stir the pasta occasionally to prevent it from sticking to the sides of the pot.
  5. After 5-7 minutes of cooking, check the vermicelli for readiness.

If you are cooking durum wheat products and want to achieve "Al dente", then the vermicelli should be soft on the outside and slightly firm on the inside. Drain the vermicelli in a colander and let the water drain. You can then add butter.

Tip: so that the vermicelli does not stick together, add 10 ml of sunflower or olive oil during cooking.

How to cook milk vermicelli?

Step-by-step instructions for making milk vermicelli:

  1. Bring the milk to a boil (0.5 l per 200 g of gossamer vermicelli).
  2. Reduce the heat and immerse the vermicelli while stirring.
  3. Add a pinch of salt and sugar to taste.
  4. Boil for 5-7 minutes, then give ready meal insist.

How to cook vermicelli in a slow cooker?

To prepare 2 multi-glasses of vermicelli, you need 2.5 multi-glasses hot water. It is necessary to pour the vermicelli into the bowl and pour it with prepared water, close the lid and set the “Pilaf” mode for 10 minutes.

How to cook vermicelli for a child?

You can boil vermicelli for a child using one of the methods described above. Milk vermicelli kids will definitely like it.

How to cook vermicelli so that it does not stick together?

It all depends on the quality of the vermicelli used. As a rule, low-grade products stick together regardless of the methods.

In order for the vermicelli not to stick together in the water during cooking, sunflower or olive oil is added.

Some housewives advise rinsing pasta cold water. There is a positive side to this, since the water will wash away the starch, which is the main reason for the vermicelli sticking together. This method is used if in the future it is not planned to use products with hot sauce. Otherwise, the taste will not be the same.

How to cook small vermicelli?

Small vermicelli in the form of small stars boil for 5-7 minutes in salted water. Products must be constantly stirred gently so that they do not turn into porridge.

How to cook rice vermicelli?

Rice vermicelli are thin long noodles, and they are cooked as follows:

  1. Boil water.

After boiling, salt and pour in the noodles, stirring.

  1. Bring to a boil and cook for 4-5 minutes and remove from heat.
  2. Drain in a colander and let the water drain.

Do you love pasta? If not, then maybe you don’t know how to cook them deliciously, or don’t know how to cook pasta correctly? Not in vain Italian chefs consider pasta one of the most delicious foods.

  1. The main rule for successful cooking of pasta is a sufficient amount of water, at least 1 liter per 100 grams of pasta. If there is less water, then the pasta will cook longer, become sticky, and may even stick together completely. By the way, do you know what kind of water you need to cook pasta? Water must be clean, if you use tap water, then it must be allowed to at least settle. Pasta should be put in boiling and necessarily already salty water (10 g of salt per 1 liter of water), pasta cannot be salted during cooking.
  2. What fire to cook pasta? At first, while we are waiting for the water to boil, the fire can be the largest. Then, lowering the pasta into the pan and waiting for the water to boil again, the fire under the pan must be reduced.
  3. Do not break long pasta before cooking. It is better to put it in a pan and lightly press on the protruding ends. Gradually, the pasta will soften and completely sink into the water. There is no need to cover the pasta pot with a lid.
  4. How many minutes do you need to cook pasta? The cooking time depends on the quality of the pasta, and therefore is usually indicated on the pack. But in order to cook pasta the way you need 2-3 minutes before the end of cooking, the product is worth a try. You might like a tougher pasta.
  5. It is not recommended to rinse the pasta, just put it in a colander and shake it several times. If the pasta is washed, then due to a sharp temperature drop, the content of vitamins in the finished product will decrease.

How to cook pasta in the microwave?

If you need to cook pasta in the microwave, then you will also need to know how to do it right.

  1. Take a deep glass container. Pour in 2 times more water than the amount of pasta. Put the water in the microwave to boil.
  2. Put salt and pasta in boiled water, add 1 tbsp. spoon of any vegetable oil so that the pasta does not stick together, and send them back to the oven.
  3. How many minutes to cook pasta in the microwave? Depends on their variety. Horns cook a little longer than vermicelli. On average, the cooking time takes 10 minutes, and you will need to select the specific time yourself. In order not to be mistaken with time, we cook the horns at full power, and for vermicelli, we reduce the power a little.
  4. Drain cooked pasta in a colander and rinse.

How to cook nest pasta? Of course, in a frying pan. But the nests are good because you can cook a delicious dish on their basis, you just need to prepare the filling. Therefore, it would be appropriate to consider not just how to cook nest pasta, but the recipe for a whole dish.

Ingredients:

  • beef (pork) - 500 g;
  • garlic - 2 cloves;
  • onion - 1 pc.;
  • nest pasta;
  • vegetable oil;
  • water;
  • bouillon cube;
  • ketchup;
  • spices and salt to taste.

Cooking

We pass the meat through a meat grinder along with onions and garlic. Add spices and salt and mix thoroughly. Grease a deep frying pan with oil, lay out the nests in it. Put minced meat in the center of each nest. Next, pour water into the pan so that it covers the pasta, and dissolve the bouillon cube in the water. Close the pan with a lid and cook over low heat for 15-20 minutes. After the water is drained, leaving a little at the bottom, pour pasta with ketchup, sprinkle with grated cheese and place in a preheated oven for 5-10 minutes.

How to cook rice pasta?

If you are allergic to the protein contained in wheat, you can eat pasta only if it is rice. The good news is that they do not require any additional equipment. All cooking rules for regular pasta, are also valid for rice. Only the cooking time will be less, about 5-7 minutes.

Sticky pasta is a nuisance that happens to many housewives, both experienced and novice in the culinary arts. To avoid such mistakes, check out these tips on how to cook long pasta.

Pasta is an elementary dish, if you know some secrets about the choice of products and cooking technology. Traditionally, Venice, or even the whole of Italy, is considered the birthplace of pasta, although about thin strands of dough that were popular in Arabic, Indian and Chinese cuisinesХІІ-ХІІІ centuries, it is known from the chronicles of that time.

Today, macaroni is a common cheap food that is called pasta when cooked. There are many types and varieties of pasta (short, long, curly) served with different sauces, seasonings and additives.

Long spaghetti pasta is very popular. This is the general name for pasta that looks like long threads with a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. Initially, the length of this type of pasta was 50 cm. On the shelves of modern stores there are specimens no longer than 27 cm.

If you don't know how to cook pasta the right way, here are 10 steps to making the perfect pasta:

Step #1. When choosing pasta, give preference to products made from durum wheat.

This will require knowledge of pasta labeling. On the manufacturer’s packages, look for the letter A, the indication “high-grade flour”, class 1 or “durum wheat”. Imported products are labeled semolina di grano duro/durum.

Step №2. To prepare appetizing dish you need to know how to cook pasta. To properly cook spaghetti, take a large pot (approximately 5 liters), then there is a chance to avoid pasta sticking together. In a large container, the elements will be separated from each other, this will ensure readiness and protect against the formation of a lump.

Step #3. If you don't know how to cook long pasta properly, stick to the gold standard: 100:1000:10. This means that for 100 grams of dry product, 1 liter of water and 10 g of table salt will be required.

Step №4. Pour 1 liter of water into a large container and salt, close the lid and set to maximum. Bring to a boil.

Step №5. To prevent spaghetti from sticking together, add a tablespoon of olive oil to the water.

Step №6. Drop pasta into boiling water without breaking it. Stand upright or slightly tilted to the edge of the pan and wait 10-15 seconds until the part that is in the water softens and sinks lower.

Step №7. During cooking, stir the food every 2-3 minutes with a wooden spoon.

Step №8. The most important question is how long to cook pasta? For an answer, read the instructions on the package. On average, it takes 12 minutes to cook 100 g of spaghetti. Ideally cooked pasta is considered al dente - “to the tooth”. To bring spaghetti to this state, 10 minutes is enough. The pasta will be soft on the outside, elastic, and firmer on the inside.

Step number 9. Forget the colander. Leave your grandmother's tool on the shelf, it will not be useful for making durum wheat pasta. Washing such a dish is hopelessly and irrevocably spoiling the product. Drain the water into the container where you will prepare the sauce. Add 1-2 tablespoons of olive oil or butter and stir.

Step number 10. Serve spaghetti freshly cooked and hot. Complete the dish with sauce.

For the bolognese sauce you will need:

  1. Minced meat - 500 g.
  2. Tomato juice / paste - 200 ml / 3 tablespoons per 200 ml of water.
  3. Dry red wine - 100 ml.
  4. Onions and carrots - 1 pc.
  5. Garlic - 3 tooth.
  6. Hard cheese (parmesan) - 150 g.
  7. Greenery.

Chop onions, carrots and sauté for 10 minutes. Add minced meat, fry, pour in wine. Simmer for 10-15 minutes and pour tomato juice. Bring to readiness for 10 minutes, put on spaghetti, sprinkle with cheese and herbs.

For the bechamel sauce, take:

  1. Minced meat - 500 g.
  2. Milk - 700 ml.
  3. Onion - 1 pc.
  4. Butter - 50 g.
  5. Flour - 3 tbsp. l.
  6. Garlic - 2 cloves.

Fry the onion and minced meat in vegetable oil. In a separate pan, melt the butter and add flour to it, mix the resulting composition until a thick mass is obtained. Slowly pour the warm milk into the pan in a thin stream. Do not stop stirring so that the fried flour does not get lumpy. Pour chopped garlic into the resulting mixture, nutmeg, salt and pepper (to taste). Mix the sauce with minced meat and put on spaghetti. Garnish with chopped herbs and grated cheese.

It's satisfying and tasty dish family and guests will be happy to taste. Experiment with sauces: make a simple tomato sauce or sauce from processed cheese with mushrooms and cream.

Don't be afraid to get fat: durum wheat pasta is a source of healthy carbohydrates. Such a lunch is healthy, satisfying and safe for the figure.

Bon appetit!

At first glance, the process of cooking spaghetti looks simple, but in fact, inexperienced chefs face a lot of difficulties. They have to figure out which pot is better to take, what is the correct ratio of water and pasta, how much to keep one or another type on the stove. Learn how to make spaghetti with the advice of experienced chefs.

How to cook spaghetti

Any cook will need the ability to cook spaghetti, because it italian dish Great as a side dish for any meat, fish or poultry. Products are long and thin, reminiscent of straws. It is optimal to lay them in boiling salt water, putting them up or lowering them completely into a special pan. The proportions of water and pasta are two liters of 200 grams of dry product.

One person serves 50 grams of dry pasta, which triples in volume when cooked. Spaghetti is laid out in a fan, dipped in boiling water, after a minute they are washed for complete immersion in water. It is more convenient to use a spatula for this, or you can move the pasta over the dry edge with your hands. After that, you need to reduce the heat so that the water boils, but does not form foam. Cook pasta without a lid for about eight minutes, then lean back in a colander, hold for three minutes to drain the liquid and serve.

How to cook spaghetti in a pot

Learning how to cook spaghetti in a saucepan is easy if you follow the features of the technology. Useful pan with a wide bottom, water and sea salt - 100 grams of pasta 10 grams of salt. After boiling water, the fire is reduced, pasta is laid out and periodically stirred with a spoon so that it does not stick together. For a better taste, you can add a little olive oil. Cooking time depends on the type of product, it is indicated on the package. Do not exceed it, so as not to get a ready-boiled side dish.

Spaghetti Pot

A special role is played by a pan for cooking spaghetti. For this, deep stainless steel dishes are optimally suited, to the bottom of which the pasta will not stick. It is better not to take aluminum and enameled containers, because they spoil the taste of the dish, plus they have a higher risk of sticking to the walls. If you wish, you can buy a wide rectangular pan - these are used in special spaghetteries, allowing the dish to turn out to be evenly cooked. In them, dry pasta does not break, but ideally lies on the bottom.

How to cook spaghetti in a slow cooker

In addition to the usual pots, there is an option to cook spaghetti in a slow cooker. To do this, pour water into a bowl, bring to a boil in the "Pasta" mode and lay the dry semi-finished product. Season the dish with oil and salt, stir. Without closing the lid, cook for nine minutes, drain in a colander and serve. Thanks to the Teflon or ceramic bottom of the multicooker bowl, pasta will not stick or burn.

How to cook spaghetti without sticking together

The whole art is the ability to cook spaghetti so that they do not stick together. This problem worries many novice cooks, but there are some secrets that help in cooking. delicious side dish:

  1. Dip the product only in boiling water. If you put it in cold water, the pasta will stick together.
  2. To prevent spaghetti from sticking together, add a spoonful of sunflower or olive oil to the water during cooking.
  3. Stir occasionally with a wooden spoon.
  4. If you overcook the pasta, it will stick together, so you need to respect the cooking time.

If the pasta sticks together, then you need to use the following tips to restore the consistency:

  • divide the tubes among themselves, pour in a little oil;
  • when the products are digested, they should be thoroughly washed, mixed with oil, heat the pan, lightly fry.

How to cook nest pasta so that it doesn't fall apart

One of the varieties of spaghetti is pasta nests, which are several tubes twisted into a round ball. Two pieces are enough for one person. Experienced chefs advise cooking nest pasta so that it does not fall apart, as follows:

  • put in a wide, spacious pot, deep frying pan or stewpan so that the portions do not touch each other;
  • season them with two tablespoons of oil and pour boiling water so that it covers the nests completely, salt;
  • put on fire, season with spices, cook for five minutes without stirring;
  • remove each nest with a slotted spoon, slightly pressing it against the sides of the container to preserve the base, leave it for moisture to drain;
  • garnish with seafood or minced meat;
  • decorate with black ground pepper, sprinkle with small basil leaves, grated parmesan;
  • good as a sauce tomato paste, seasoned with garlic, or creamy gravy.

How to cook pasta

Although many of our compatriots still poorly understand what it means to cook pasta, in practice it is very easy to repeat the signature dish of Italians. It's just boiled to al dente (slightly hard) pasta, mixed with sauces, butter, herbs, meat, fish or vegetable dressing.

Any cook needs a recipe with instructions on how to cook pasta, because this food is suitable for lunch, dinner, a friendly meeting, holiday table. They eat it, winding it on a fork and helping themselves with a spoon. Before you set the table, repeat a few technology secrets on how to properly cook pasta:

  1. You need to take only high quality pasta from flour made from durum wheat. Such spaghetti does not stick together, retain elasticity, hold the sauce and do not need to be washed. You can take egg lasagna or cannelloni, the usual color or painted with cuttlefish ink, vegetable juices.
  2. It is good to calculate the ratio: per liter of water 100 grams of products, 10 grams sea ​​salt and a tablespoon of oil. The water should boil, pasta is laid in it. It is not necessary to cover with a lid.
  3. Cooking lasts according to the time indicated on the package, minus two minutes. This state is called al dente and is chosen in order to season the finished pasta with hot sauce and bring them to softness under it.
  4. Use a colander to drain liquid.
  5. Drizzle spaghetti with oil, then top with your choice of sauce. Good for shrimp fresh tomatoes, which should be peeled and cut, or a classic thick bolognese from minced meat with a head of onion.
  6. In a plate, decorate the dish with grated cheese and herbs.

How long to cook spaghetti

Spaghetti should be cooked for no more than 8-9 minutes after they have been dipped in boiling water. This time will help to get an optimally cooked side dish without sticking and softness. There are varieties of spaghetti that should be cooked differently than the above. Cooking time is indicated in the table:

How long to cook durum wheat spaghetti

Finding out how much to cook spaghetti from durum wheat is easy: you just need to read the instructions on the package. However, depending on the dish for which they will be used, the cooking time may vary. Eight minutes is enough for a side dish, six for pasta, and nine for a salad. How to cook hard spaghetti: dip in salted boiling water, then simmer over high heat, after being ready, drain in a colander and season olive oil.

How long to cook spaghetti makf

To properly cook Makfa spaghetti, you need to read the information on the package and follow the manufacturer's recommendations. If the pasta is made from durum wheat, then eight minutes is enough for cooking, from soft - six minutes. To obtain the state of al dente, 1.5-2 minutes are taken from the specified time to obtain an elastic pasta texture without excessive softness.

How long to cook Aldente pasta

In popular recipes, there is an instruction to cook Aldente pasta. This name, translated from Italian, means "by the tooth." Properly cooked al dente product has no powdery coating and taste. Cook pasta for about seven minutes. The water is boiled, salted, spaghetti is laid in it. Correctly put the pasta in the center of the pan, where the most rapid boil. After boiling again, it is better to reduce the heat and cook, periodically tasting for consistency. You should try by breaking the pasta - the white color on the scrap means that the product is not ready yet.

Do I need to rinse spaghetti after cooking?

If the product is made from durum wheat, then spaghetti does not need to be washed after cooking. For soft pasta, this procedure is mandatory to wash out excess gluten and prevent sticking. It is also necessary to rinse spaghetti when they are prepared for salads - this way the product will cool down faster and not heat up the other components. For constant washing use cold filtered water and a colander.

So that everyone can cook spaghetti pasta correctly, there are special tips from professionals:

  • do not cook the product a little so that it absorbs the sauce better;
  • add a spoonful of vegetable oil so that the products do not stick together;
  • during cooking, you can add your favorite spices to the pot of water (if you are preparing a side dish, try putting a bouillon cube).

Video: Cooking spaghetti

Why does pasta either undercook or, on the contrary, stick together, boil soft, stick to the pan and lose its attractive appearance? To avoid this situation, you need to read the recommendations on how to properly cook pasta.

For many, pasta is the first step to weight gain. However, in Italy this dish is consumed daily, along with various sauces and gravies. And yet, the Italians look great.

The secret lies in the quality of the pasta. Useful is the pasta, which is made from durum wheat.

It contains a large amount of nutrients and vitamins:

  • cellulose;
  • amino acids;
  • potassium, iron;
  • complex carbohydrates;
  • vitamins B, E;
  • phosphorus;
  • manganese.

What types and varieties of pasta are best to choose?

Products marked "group A" are most valued. There can also be group B, C. In this case, in all cases, can be used top grade flour.

In the homeland of pasta, several of its varieties are distinguished in form:

  • long (vermicelli, spaghetti, spaghettini, tagliatelle, etc.);
  • short (fusilli or spirals, foam are tubes, cannelloni, etc.);
  • small for soups (stelline - stars, anelli - rings, ditalini orecchiete);
  • figured (farfalle, conchile, gemelli, campanelle, gnocchi, etc.);
  • stuffed pasta (capelets, tortelloni, agnolotti, etc.).

There is not much difference which pasta to take: small, large, long, nests.

The main features of quality products are:

  • the surface must be smooth;
  • all elements must be the same;
  • the color should be uniform cream or light yellow;
  • small black dots - the remains of milled shells of wheat grains, which are useful for the body, should be present in a small amount;
  • the pack should not contain flour, broken pasta elements.

Recommendations: how long do you need to cook so that they do not stick together

How much to cook:

  • noodles - 5-7 minutes;
  • nests - 5 min;
  • tubules - 13 min;
  • horns - 10-15 minutes;
  • lasagna sheets - 5 minutes until half cooked;
  • fettuccine - 10 min;
  • ravioli - 3-7 minutes depending on the filling;
  • bows - 10 min;
  • spaghetti - 8-9 min.

The right way to cook pasta

  • We take a suitable pan, pour in water, put on fire. Until the water boils, it is not recommended to take the next step.
  • Salt the water only after boiling. Otherwise, the diffuse reaction will not take place in full, which can lead to pasta sticking together.
  • Pasta is added to boiling salted water. It is recommended to reduce the fire, but the water should boil throughout the entire cooking process.
  • Cooking time is recommended depending on the shape and type of pasta.
  • To check the readiness of the product, it is enough to catch one or two elements and check for softness.
  • After that, a colander is taken, and the pasta leans back on it.
  • It is recommended to rinse the product under running cold water. This will wash away any remaining starch.

Fast cooking method in 4 minutes

Unlike conventional way, this one differs not only in capacity, but also in time. It only takes 4 minutes to cook in a deep frying pan.

Pasta is poured into the selected container, fried over a fire until browned. Next, 30-40 g of butter is added, other ingredients as desired (for example, tomato paste, tomatoes, chicken fillet etc.).

Boiling water is added to the pasta until the liquid covers the pasta. Spices and salt are added. A small fire is set, the pan is covered with a lid and stewed until the liquid evaporates.

The advantage of this method is that, along with pasta, you can immediately add chicken fillet, vegetables and other ingredients.

Cooking method with milk and water

Macaroni with milk is one of the favorite children's dishes. This dish is easy to make:

  • Water is poured into a saucepan (capacity at least 2.2-2.5 liters) and brought to a boil.
  • After that, the liquid is salted and the paste is added.
  • Boil for 7-15 minutes, depending on the shape.
  • The water is drained, the pasta is thrown back into a colander.
  • Milk is added to the saucepan, heated.
  • After that. boiled pasta is added to milk.
  • Add sugar, bring the liquid to a boil.
  • After boiling, the fire is turned off, a small amount of butter (25-35 g) is added.

For tips on how to cook pasta so it doesn't stick together, see the video.

Features of cooking whole grains or spaghetti

When cooking pasta, it is worth remembering that the recommendations may vary, depending on its shape and purpose (in which dish it will be used). It is worth taking note of the following tips:

  • Spaghetti is cooked without a lid. They are laid out in a pan with a fan. Then, after a minute, they themselves will sink completely under the water. If the pasta is too long, it is best to break it in half.
  • The nests are carefully laid out in boiling water in a frying pan or in a saucepan. It is important to ensure that they do not touch each other. At the same time, it is worth remembering that they will need to be turned over during the cooking process, which means that there must be enough space for this. The nests are not thrown into a colander, but laid out with a slotted spoon.
  • Horns, spirals and shells are boiled in about 7-9 minutes after boiling water.

After the time has elapsed, it is important to check the readiness. If the pasta is soft and elastic, then it is ready.

  • Al dente pasta.

To obtain such a result, the cooking time must be reduced by 20-30%.

  • The gossamer is placed in boiling salted water and the fire is turned off almost immediately.

The pot is covered with a lid. After 10-15 minutes, the pasta will be ready. It can be thrown into a colander and served at the table.

  • Whole grain pasta can be cooked just like regular pasta. Cooking time after boiling is 7-9 minutes. To keep them from sticking together, you can add a small amount of olive oil.

"Tools" for cooking: saucepan, microwave, slow cooker

When cooking in a saucepan, it is important to ensure that the pasta does not stick to the walls and bottom. To do this, you need to stir the pasta during cooking, or add a small amount (20-30 g) of butter (or olive oil).

To cook in the microwave, you need to pour the pasta into a deep plate, add boiling water, with a margin of 1-2 cm above the top level of the pasta. Then 1 tbsp. l oil, a pinch of salt. The container is covered with a plate. Power - 800 W, time - 5 min. After the expiration date, the pasta leans back into a colander.

For boiling in a slow cooker, you will need the “Pilaf” or “Steaming” mode. Pasta, a spoonful of butter are placed in the bowl, water is added. The liquid should be 1-2 cm higher. Cooking time in this case is 12-13 minutes.

Take note

When cooking, constant stirring is recommended, because starch will come out of the pasta during cooking, which helps the pasta stick together. Frequent stirring prevents sticking together and prevents the pasta from burning.

Washing pasta is done if they are made from soft wheat varieties.

If the paste is still stuck together, you can correct the situation. To do this, after washing the product, add a small amount of oil.

If you know about the features of selection and cooking various kinds pasta, its preparation will be a simple and enjoyable process. Moreover, it can be used to make interesting dishes, the taste of which can be varied with added sauces, vegetables, herbs.

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