The level of glucose contained in the blood plays an important role, but women rarely think about this factor and indicator until painful signs are detected. If the indicator is elevated or has a low value, this indicates the presence of dangerous pathologies that need to be treated. In this regard, it is recommended to take an analysis every six months. Since glucose levels do not change during normal functioning, the slightest changes can indicate illness. Consider what should be.
To conduct an examination in order to identify the indicator, capillary or venous blood is taken on an empty stomach. On the eve of the test, you should not deliberately switch to a different rhythm of nutrition and limit yourself to sweets in order to avoid distortions in the results. In general, the normal value ranges from 3.3 to 5.5 micromol/L. However, it is mainly determined by age criteria and indicators. This normative technique is used for patients under the age of 50 years.
If the level is elevated, this phenomenon can be influenced by a large number of factors, including nervous breakdown, tension and stress. The situation is also aggravated by recent mental stress and serious physical stress. To avoid inaccuracies in medical indications, it is necessary to exclude their harmful effects.
If there is an excess of content above the norm, this is not yet a symptom of diabetes. Infectious diseases have a significant impact on the state of general indicators. Therefore, even with the slightest infections, it is necessary to undergo a blood donation procedure to eliminate the effect of danger on your body. The standard value in the table is indicated taking into account the fact that the patient has no dangerous ailments. 
As we age, major hormonal changes occur. The ability of insulin and other hormones to change, in connection with this, the body has to endure not the most pleasant indicators. If the value is up to 7.0, this indicates the possibility of a diabetic disease, if the figure takes a higher value, the diagnosis is usually confirmed.
Consider the main indicators of the norm of sugar, depending on age restrictions.
- Between 50 and 60 years of age - at this time menopause usually occurs, but the level of sugar in the blood rises slightly. The standard value ranges from 3.8 to 5.9 micromol / l.
- In the age period from 60 to 90 years, old age sets in, and the indicator has to undergo critical norms of values. If we are talking about a healthy female body, then the norm is from 4.2 to 6.4 micromol / l. If we talk about diseases, the data take on higher values.
- Lucky women who managed to live to 90 should also pay attention to this important analysis. The standard value for sugar content is from 4.6 to 6.9 micromol / l. In this regard, it is necessary to control this substance.
After 50 years, the most vulnerable age for age-related changes begins. Therefore, even if unnecessary (for preventive purposes), it is worth taking appropriate measures.
Particular attention should be paid to the indicator if a woman is in an interesting position, waiting for the birth of a baby. Due to changes in the hormonal background, minor violations are quite normal. Since female immunity takes part in supplying the baby with everything necessary for life. If the level reaches values in the range of 3.8 to 6.3 micromol / l, this is not something bad and does not indicate the presence of diseases. Often, conditions can be observed in which the sugar index is 7 micromol / l. It is also the norm if after childbirth the indicator returns to normal.
With a significant excess of the normative value, there is a huge potential danger for the health of the baby. This phenomenon should be normalized through the use of special herbal preparations of natural origin. If the relatives of the expectant mother have suffered or are suffering from a diabetic disease, there are risk situations for pregnant women. Difficulties may also arise with late pregnancy at 30 years of age.
High blood sugar symptoms in women
If the liver does not work well, then an excess amount of glucose goes into the blood. Such a process is generated by pathologies in the development of the endocrine system. The development of hyperglycemic conditions, pancreatitis, liver failure, cancer may occur. The reasons why the indicators are not standard, but increased, are established by special diagnostic examinations.
If the indicator is too high, there are several primary symptoms that are important to pay attention to.
- Vision. If blood sugar is elevated, the symptoms will relate to the condition of the eyes. If this condition lasts for a long time, the patient may detach the retina or develop atrophy. One of the worst diagnoses is total blindness.
- The state of the kidneys is changing, since these are the main organs of the excretory system. It is the kidneys that ensure the removal of excess glucose, especially in the early stages of the disease. With an excess of sugar, an injury to the renal vessels occurs, a violation of the integrity of the organ is observed, and it copes worse and worse with its functions.
- The condition of the limbs changes. It has a close relationship. In the course of the disease, deterioration affects the capillaries of the legs, therefore, inflammatory processes that provoke the development of gangrene, serious wounds and necrosis are not excluded.
So we have considered blood sugar - the norm in women by age (table). But there are a few more factors to consider.
This is the main symptom of diabetes. During normal functioning of the body, glucose and sucrose have the ability to quickly absorb and leave the blood. If the synthesis of insulin is impaired, the withdrawal of sugar is not carried out. As a result, the blood is overflowing with this dangerous substance. "Sweet" blood leads to a number of unsweetened consequences in the form of heart disease, gangrene, and cardiac processes. There are a few things you can do to help lower your blood sugar levels.
In addition to the above methods, it is necessary to pay attention to the restoration of pancreatic cells and exercise.
Considering blood sugar, norm in women by age (table), it is worth noting that, in contrast to high rates, practice encounters cases of low sugar.
Reasons for the reduced value
In connection with the fashion for thinness, many of the fair sex do not get enough food with food. Which leads to numerous violations.
Symptoms of the phenomenon
- Increased fatigue is the main symptom of low blood sugar. A person is constantly thirsty, he becomes nervous and aggressive.
- Sleepiness on weekends and on weekdays, even if the person has had enough sleep. Mistakenly, many patients attribute the process to the weather, and they are mistaken.
- Headaches and excessive dizziness are other significant symptoms of low blood sugar.
- Noticeable deterioration in the functioning of the organs of vision.
- Increased heart rate.
- Constant feeling of malnutrition, thirst.
Depending on the individual characteristics of the organism, the symptoms of the phenomenon may vary. If there are all signs, this should be a clear reason for contacting a good specialist. The doctor must prescribe a set of studies to prevent unpleasant phenomena.
Did the article help the blood sugar norm in women by age table? Leave your opinion or feedback for everyone on the forum!
Diabetes is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer, according to WHO statistics. Unfortunately, every year the number of patients increases. More than 70% of patients are women. Scientists have not yet identified the fact that the female body is more prone to diabetes.
Blood sugar levels in women are more often disturbed at the age of 40-43 years. When this disease is detected, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all the instructions of the endocrinologist throughout life. This will help prevent insulin injections and the transition from type 2 diabetes to type 1. In type 1, a diabetic must take insulin shots daily.
To make a diagnosis, the patient donates blood from a finger and a vein. The latter analysis gives the most accurate effect, and the sugar indicator differs from that obtained from arterial blood.
In order to see a doctor in time and have time to ascertain the state of prediabetes, you need to know all the symptoms that precede the disease, the blood sugar rate in a woman after 40 years from a vein, how to take an analysis, and what preventive treatment measures to take.
Below will be a full description of the above points, and a table of normal sugar levels, both in diabetes and prediabetes.
Symptoms
There are a number of undeniable symptoms that can indicate the presence of diabetes, no matter how old a woman is, here they are:
- bad breath;
- heavy sweating;
- fatigue irritability;
- frequent feeling of thirst;
- sudden weight loss or gain;
- blurred vision;
- poor healing of even minor scratches.
If women, especially in the period of 41-45 years, have at least one of the above symptoms, then you need to see a doctor to take the appropriate tests. Of course, you can also take blood from a finger at home using a glucometer, but this analysis will be inaccurate.
Only venous blood is used to make a diagnosis.
Analyzes and the norm of sugar
Sugar level
- from 6.1 mmol/l to 6.9 mmol/l (capillary blood);
- from 8.0 mmol/l to 12.0 mmol/l in the analysis with a load - a test for glucose tolerance.
Rules for eating
If diabetes is diagnosed, or a pre-diabetic condition, then you need to adhere to certain nutritional rules - all food is steamed, stewed or boiled. You should refuse such products:
- sweets, flour products, chocolate and sugar;
- alcohol;
- canned, smoked, salted food;
- fatty dairy and fermented milk products – butter, sour cream;
- fatty meat and fish.
the very best meat product for diabetics is chicken breast, without peel and with removal of fat, and respectively, . Lean varieties of fish are also allowed - hake, pollock. Occasionally, you can eat lean beef. But this is more the exception than the rule.
Avoid the following fruits and vegetables:
- beet;
- potato;
- carrot;
- legumes;
- banana;
- red apples;
- grape.
Collapse
Sugar analysis is a necessary procedure for people who have diabetes, as well as for those who have a predisposition to it. For the second group, it is equally important to regularly conduct blood tests in adults and children in order to prevent the development of the disease. If the level of glucose compounds in a person's blood is exceeded, you should immediately consult a doctor. But in order to do this, you need to know what kind of sugar a person should have.
Conducting research
With age, the effectiveness of insulin receptors decreases. Therefore, people after 34 - 35 years old need to regularly monitor daily fluctuations in sugar, or at least take one measurement during the day. The same applies to children who are predisposed to type 1 diabetes (over time, a child can “outgrow” it, but without sufficient control of blood glucose from a finger, prevention, it can become chronic). Representatives of this group also need to take at least one measurement during the day (preferably on an empty stomach).
It is easiest to make a change from a finger on an empty stomach using a home glucometer. Glucose in capillary blood is the most informative. If you need to take measurements with a glucometer, proceed as follows:
- Turn on the device;
- With the help of a needle, which they are now almost always equipped with, pierce the skin on the finger;
- Apply the sample to the test strip;
- Insert the test strip into the machine and wait for the result to appear.
The numbers that appear are the amount of sugar in the blood. Control by this method is quite informative and sufficient not to miss the situation when the glucose readings change, and the norm in the blood of a healthy person can be exceeded.
The most informative indicators can be obtained from a child or an adult, if measured on an empty stomach. There is no difference in how to donate blood for glucose compounds on an empty stomach. But in order to get more detailed information, it may be necessary to donate blood for sugar after meals and / or several times a day (morning, evening, after dinner). Moreover, if the indicator slightly increases after eating, this is considered the norm.
Result interpretation
The readings obtained when measuring with a home glucometer can simply be deciphered on your own. The indicator reflects the concentration of glucose compounds in the sample. The unit of measure is mmol/liter. At the same time, the level norm may vary slightly depending on which glucometer is used. In the US and Europe, the units of measurement are different, which is associated with a different system of calculation. Such equipment is often supplemented by a table that helps to convert the patient's blood sugar level into Russian units of measurement.
The fasting level is always lower than the post-meal level. At the same time, on an empty stomach, a sample from a vein shows sugar slightly lower than on an empty stomach from a finger (let's say a spread of 0.1 - 0.4 mmol per liter, but sometimes blood glucose can differ even more significantly).
Decoding by a doctor should be carried out when more complex tests are taken - for example, a glucose tolerance test on an empty stomach and after taking a "glucose load". Not all patients know what it is. It helps to track how the sugar level changes dynamically some time after taking glucose. For its implementation, a fence is made before the load is received. After that, the patient drinks 75 ml of the load. After that, the content of glucose compounds in the blood should be increased. The first time glucose is measured after half an hour. Then - an hour after eating, an hour and a half and two hours after eating. Based on these data, a conclusion is made about how blood sugars are absorbed after a meal, what content is acceptable, what are the maximum glucose levels and how long after a meal they appear.
Indications for diabetics
If a person has diabetes, the level changes quite dramatically. The permissible limit in this case is higher than in healthy people. The maximum allowable indications before meals, after meals for each patient are set individually, depending on his state of health, the degree of compensation for diabetes. For some, the maximum level of sugar in the sample should not exceed 6-9, and for others, 7-8 mmol per liter is normal or even a good level of sugar after a meal or on an empty stomach.
The glucose content after eating in diabetics rises faster, that is, sugar rises more intensively than in a healthy person. Therefore, the readings of glucose in the blood after eating for them are also higher. The doctor will make a conclusion about what indicator is considered normal. But to monitor the patient's condition, the patient is often asked to measure sugar after each meal and on an empty stomach, and record the results in a special diary.
Indications in healthy people
Trying to control their level in women and men, patients often do not know what the norm for a healthy person should be before and after meals, in the evening or in the morning. In addition, there is a correlation between normal fasting sugar and the dynamics of its change 1 hour after eating according to the age of the patient. In general, the older the person, the higher the acceptable rate. The numbers in the table clearly illustrate this correlation.
Permissible glucose content in the sample by age
| Age, years | On an empty stomach, mmol per liter (maximum normal level and minimum) |
| babies | Measurement with a glucometer is almost never carried out, because the baby's blood sugar is unstable and has no diagnostic value |
| 3 to 6 | The sugar level should be inscribed in the range of 3.3 - 5.4 |
| From 6 to 10-11 | Content standards 3.3 - 5.5 |
| Teenagers under 14 | Normal sugar levels are in the range of 3.3 - 5.6 |
| Adults 14 – 60 | Ideally, in an adult in the body 4.1 - 5.9 |
| Elderly 60 to 90 years old | Ideally, at this age 4.6 - 6.4 |
| Old people over 90 | Normal value from 4.2 to 6.7 |
At the slightest deviation of the level from these figures in adults and children, you should immediately consult a doctor who will tell you how to normalize sugar in the morning on an empty stomach and prescribe treatment. Additional studies may also be assigned (health workers will also notify you about how to take an analysis to obtain an extended result and issue a referral for it). In addition, it is important to consider that the presence of chronic diseases also affects what sugar is considered normal. The conclusion about what the indicator should be is also determined by the doctor.
-FOOTNOTE-
Separately, it is worth remembering that blood sugar in 40-year-olds and older, as well as pregnant women, may fluctuate slightly due to hormonal imbalance. However, at least three out of four measurements, sugar should be within the acceptable range.
Elevation after eating
Normal sugar after eating in diabetics and healthy people is different. At the same time, not only how much it rises after eating is different, but also the dynamics of changes in the content, the norm in this case is also different. The table below shows data on what is the norm for some time after a meal in a healthy person and a diabetic according to WHO (data for adults). This figure is equally universal for women and men.
Norm after eating (for healthy people and diabetics)
| Sugar limit on an empty stomach | Contents 0.8 - 1.1 hours after eating, mmol per liter | Blood counts 2 hours after eating, mmol per liter | Patient's condition |
| 5.5 - 5.7 mmol per liter (normal fasting sugar) | 8,9 | 7,8 | Healthy |
| 7.8 mmol per liter (high in adults) | 9,0 – 12 | 7,9 – 11 | Violation / lack of tolerance to glucose compounds, prediabetes is possible (you need to consult a doctor for a glucose tolerance test and take a complete blood count) |
| 7.8 mmol per liter and above (such indications should not be in a healthy person) | 12.1 and over | 11.1 and up | Diabetic |
In children, often, the dynamics of carbohydrate digestibility is similar, adjusted for an initially lower rate. Since the readings were initially lower, it means that the sugar will not rise as much as in an adult. If sugar is 3 on an empty stomach, then checking the readings 1 hour after eating will show 6.0 - 6.1, etc.
The norm of sugar after eating in children
The most difficult thing is to say what level of blood glucose is considered acceptable in children. Normal in each case, the doctor will call. This is due to the fact that more often than in adults, fluctuations are observed, sugar rises and falls more sharply during the day. normal level through different time after breakfast or after sweets can also vary significantly depending on age. Indications during the first months of life are completely unstable. At this age, you need to measure sugar (including after eating after 2 hours or sugar after 1 hour) only according to the doctor's indications.
Surrender on an empty stomach
As can be seen from the tables above, the rate of sugar during the day varies depending on the food consumed. Also during the day, muscle tension and psycho-emotional state influence (sports convert carbohydrates into energy, so sugar does not immediately have time to rise, and emotional upheavals can lead to its jumps). For this reason, the rate of sugar after a certain period of time after eating carbohydrates is not always objective. It is not suitable for tracking whether a healthy person's sugar level is maintained.
When measured at night or in the morning, before breakfast, the norm is the most objective. After eating, it rises. For this reason, almost all tests of this type are prescribed on an empty stomach. Not all patients know how much a person should ideally have glucose on an empty stomach and how to measure it correctly.
The sample is taken immediately after the patient gets out of bed. Don't brush your teeth or chew gum. Also avoid physical activity, as it can cause a decrease in blood levels in a person (why this happens is described above). Take a fasting finger test and compare the results with the table below.
Indications in a healthy diabetic person
The norm in women after eating is the same as in men. Therefore, regardless of gender, if the indicators are exceeded, it is necessary to consult a doctor for treatment. It must be remembered that this condition can threaten health.
Correct measurements
Even knowing what the indicator should be, you can make an erroneous conclusion about your condition if you incorrectly measure sugar on a glucometer (immediately after eating, exercise, at night, etc.). Many patients are interested in how long after a meal can sugar measurements be taken? Indications of glucose in the blood after a meal always grows (how much it depends on the state of human health). Therefore, after eating, sugar is not informative. For control, it is better to measure sugar before meals, in the morning.
But this is true only for healthy people. Diabetics, on the other hand, often need to track, for example, whether the blood sugar level is maintained in women after meals while taking hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. Then you need to take measurements 1 hour and 2 hours after glucose (carbohydrate intake).
It is also necessary to consider where the sample is taken from, for example, a value of 5 9 in a sample from a vein can be considered excessive in prediabetes, while in a sample from a finger this indicator can be considered normal.
Video
←Previous article Next article →
Glucose, or in the common people "sugar", is considered a systemic energy material for the body, which ensures the efficient operation of all organs / tissues. Your quality of life, health, immunity and predisposition to a number of diseases directly depend on the concentration of this carbohydrate component in the blood.
Blood sugar level in a healthy person
It is possible to reliably determine the current level of glucose in the blood only by laboratory research methods, the basic of which is the text on the level of glycemia, determined by examining a blood sample. Reception time must be taken into account food products before blood sampling, the age of the person and some other factors - in particular, the use of diets or drugs that can distort the results of the analysis.
The norms of blood glucose in women, depending on age, are the following indicators:
- From 18 to 30 years old - 3.8–5.8 mmol / l.
- From 39 to 60 years - glucose in the range from 4.1 to 5.9 mmol / l.
- From 60 to 90 years old - 4.6–6.4 mmol / l.
- Over 90 years - from 4.2 to 6.7 mmol / l.
You will receive reliable results of the primary check analyzes only if a number of conditions are met:
- Before delivery, it is necessary to refuse the use of medications that change the level of glucose.
- Tests are taken on an empty stomach, between 8 a.m. and 11 a.m. Before them, you need to refuse to eat food for a period of 8-12 hours. A day before the analysis, serious food overloads should be avoided. Drinking mode (plain water) - standard.
- 10 hours before the test, give up physical and psychological stress, including stress.
The norms of blood sugar in men and women are identical, depending solely on age, and not on gender. The only thing to consider is the greater physical activity of the stronger sex, which may affect the test results in the direction of decreasing values. However, if you follow the rules described above, you will be able to accurately determine the level of glucose in the blood.
In children, depending on age, the following indicators are considered normal
- From two days to a month - 2.8–4.4 mmol / l.
- From a month to 14 years - 3.3–5.6 mmol / l.
- From 14 to 18 years old - 4–5.7 mmol / l.
Sugar level in diabetes
Doctors make a preliminary diagnosis "" in the following cases:
- The level of glucose in the blood, donated on an empty stomach, overcomes the upper limit of the norm for the indicated ages. In this case, the result must be obtained at least twice.
- A few hours after eating or according to the results of the analysis at any time of the day, the blood sugar level exceeds the mark of eleven mmol / l.
If there is a suspicion of diabetes, then the endocrinologist will refer you to the delivery of related tests:
- Re-donation of blood.
- Testing glucose tolerance.
- Test for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin.
If the above analyzes show respectively:
- Exceeding the level above 6.1 mmol / l
- Level exceeding 11 mmol/l
- Rate above 5.7 percent
the diagnosis is considered confirmed.
To determine the current level of glucose in the blood, capillary or venous blood is taken. In the first case, the material is taken from the finger, in the second, respectively, from a vein (in this case, the norm for venous blood is 12 percent higher than the standard). As mentioned above, subject to the conditions of the analysis (temporary refusal to use drugs, blood donation on an empty stomach), values in the average range from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l are considered the norm.
Test Methodology
- Orthotoluidine method - determination of the pure content of glucose in the blood, without taking into account reducing substances. It is the primary diagnosis and shows a general deviation from the norm. Based on the test results, the doctor may refer the patient for additional diagnostics.
- reducing method. Together with the current blood sugar level, the test determines the concentration of creatinine, ergonine, uric acid and other components that can induce an increase in total blood glucose levels. Designed to clarify the diagnosis and identify related problems - for example, diabetic nephropathy.
- loading method. It is used in a hospital setting, a double calculation system is used - first, the orthotoluidine method, after which a dose of glucose dissolved in the liquid (75 grams) is injected into the patient's body. After two hours, glucose levels are measured. If, after exercise, the threshold of 11 mmol / l is exceeded, then the patient is diagnosed with hyperglycemia - the main symptom of diabetes mellitus.
Twice confirmed - it's hyperglycemia. This term refers to the primary symptomatology of possible diabetes or a number of problems with the body. The chronic form of the symptom is almost always diabetes mellitus, while episodic jumps in the increase in blood glucose levels may indicate a predisposition to this disease or a disease of a number of organs.
The main forms of the symptom according to the severity of the course
- Light - increasing the level to 8 mmol / l.
- Average - an increase in glucose levels up to 11 mmol / l. It is a pre-diabetic condition.
- Severe - exceeding the threshold of 11-12 mmol / l. Diabetes.
- Crisis - at rates over 16 and over 55 mmol / l, precoma and hypermolar coma are diagnosed, respectively. The risk of death increases exponentially.
Reasons for leveling up
- Diseases of the endocrinological spectrum.
- Problems with the kidneys, liver or pancreas.
- Taking a number of medications - diuretics, steroids, antitumor drugs, as well as birth control pills.
- Diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2.
- Premenstrual syndrome.
- Bad habits (drinking alcohol and smoking).
- Strong stress.
- Unbalanced diet and obesity due to excessive consumption of food.
External symptoms of high blood sugar
Typically, patients with elevated glucose levels experience:
- Frequent urination with little pain.
- Strong feeling of thirst and.
- Visual impairment.
- Fatigue and irregular breathing.
- Skin rashes and itching.
- Sudden changes in body weight.
- Poor wound healing.
When critical levels of glucose in the blood (over 16 mmol / l) are exceeded, patients often suffer from severe dehydration, impaired consciousness, and ketoacidosis.
Low blood sugar is hypoglycemia. It usually develops in patients with a blood glucose concentration below 3.5 mmol / l over a long period of time. In the case of a chronic form of hypoglycemia, an appropriate syndrome is formed. The basis of this process is considered to be a decrease in glucose intake into the blood or its increased clearance due to exogenous / endogenous hyperinsulinism.
Main stages
- Light - drop from 3 to 2.5 mmol / l. Appears to be unwell.
- Average. Drop to 1 mmol/l. It manifests itself in a number of pathogenic conditions, often the patient needs a transfer to a hospital and outside help.
- Heavy. A drop in glucose levels below 1 mmol / l. Urgent hospitalization and emergency care is required, high risk of loss of consciousness and hypoglycemic coma.
Causes
- Severe dehydration.
- Insufficiency and untimely nutrition.
- Strong and unusual physical activity.
- Abuse alcoholic drinks.
- Lack of cortisol, adrenaline, glucagon.
- Tumors and congenital anomalies of the autoimmune spectrum.
- Overdoses of hypoglycemic drugs and insulin.
- Frequent administration of saline by drip.
- Long-term chronic diseases of a wide spectrum.
- Sepsis.
- , hepatic or.
- Physiological causes are the menstrual cycle and low glucose levels in newborns.
Manifestations
- Parasympathetic spectrum - weakness, nausea, hunger.
- Adrenergic spectrum - hypertension, arrhythmias, sweating, tremor, muscle hypertonicity, dilated pupils, pallor of the skin, aggressiveness, anxiety and restlessness.
- Neuroglycopenic spectrum - impaired coordination, disorientation in space, a significant decrease in efficiency, diplopia, paresthesia, neurological disorders of a wide range, amnesia, malfunctions of the respiratory apparatus and blood circulation, fainting and coma.
In the case of a severe form of hypoglycemia, the patient needs the fastest possible help (stopping) - the use of simple carbohydrates that are absorbed directly in the oral cavity (D-glucose), the introduction of glucagon intramuscularly, and other measures aimed at increasing blood sugar levels and stabilizing the current state of the patient.
The functioning of most organs and systems is affected by the level of glucose: from ensuring the functioning of the brain to the processes occurring inside the cells. This explains why maintaining a glycemic balance is essential for good health.
What does the amount of sugar in the blood
When a person consumes carbohydrates or sweets, during digestion they are converted into glucose, which is then used as energy. The norm of blood sugar is an important factor, thanks to the appropriate analysis, it is possible to detect many different diseases in a timely manner or even prevent their development. Indications for testing are the following symptoms:
- apathy / lethargy / drowsiness;
- increased urge to void Bladder;
- numbness or soreness/tingling in the limbs;
- increased thirst;
- blurred vision;
- decreased erectile function in men.
These signs may indicate diabetes or a person's pre-diabetic condition. To avoid the development of this dangerous pathology, it is worth periodically measuring the glycemic level. To do this, use a special device - a glucometer, which is easy to use on your own. In this case, the procedure is carried out on an empty stomach in the morning, since the level of sugar in the blood naturally increases after eating. In addition, before the analysis, it is forbidden to take any medications and drink liquids for at least eight hours.
To establish a sugar indicator, doctors advise to analyze several times a day for 2-3 days in a row. This will allow you to track fluctuations in glucose levels. If they are insignificant, there is nothing to worry about, and a large difference in the results may indicate serious pathological processes. However, a deviation from the norm does not always indicate diabetes, but may indicate other disorders that only a qualified doctor can diagnose.
Natural blood sugar control
The pancreas maintains normal blood sugar levels. The body provides it through the production of two important hormones - glucagon and insulin. The first is an important protein: when the glycemic level is below normal, it instructs the liver and muscle cells to start the process of glycogenolysis, as a result of which the kidneys and liver begin to produce their own glucose. Thus, glucagon collects sugar from various sources within the human body in order to maintain its normal value.
The pancreas produces insulin in response to carbohydrate intake from foods. This hormone is necessary for most cells of the human body - fat, muscle, liver. It is responsible for the following functions in the body:
- helps a certain cell type create fat by transforming fatty acids, glycerol;
- informs liver and muscle cells of the need to accumulate converted sugar in the form of glucagon;
- starts the process of producing protein by liver and muscle cells through the processing of amino acids;
- stops the production of glucose by the liver and kidneys when carbohydrates enter the body.
So, insulin helps the process of assimilation of nutrients after a person has a meal, while reducing the overall level of sugar, amino acids and fatty acids. Throughout the day, the body of a healthy person maintains a balance of glucagon and insulin. After eating food, the body receives amino acids, glucose and fatty acids, analyzes their quantity and activates the pancreatic cells responsible for the production of hormones. In this case, glucagon is not produced so that glucose is used to fuel the body with energy.
Along with the amount of sugar, the level of insulin rises, which transports it to muscle and liver cells for transformation into energy. This ensures that the norm of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids in the blood is maintained, preventing any deviations. If a person skips a meal, the glycemic level drops and the body begins to independently create glucose using glucagon reserves, so that the indicators remain normal and negative consequences in the form of diseases are prevented.
Normal blood sugar
A condition in which the main source of energy is available to all tissues, but not excreted through the ureter, is considered the norm for blood glucose. The body of a healthy person strictly regulates this indicator. In cases of violation of metabolic processes, an increase in sugar occurs - hyperglycemia. If the indicator, on the contrary, is lowered, this is called hypoglycemia. Both deviations can lead to serious negative consequences.
In children
In adolescents and young children, the amount of sugar in the blood also plays an important role - as in adults, since it is an indispensable energy component that ensures the smooth functioning of tissues and organs. A significant excess, as well as a deficiency of this substance, depends on the pancreas, which is responsible for the formation of insulin and glucagon, which help maintain sugar balance.
If the body for any reason reduces the production of hormones, this can lead to the appearance of diabetes mellitus - a serious disease that leads to dysfunction of the organs and systems of the child. In children, the amount of sugar in the blood is different from that in adults. So, a good glycemic indicator for a healthy child under 16 years old is 2.7-5.5 mmol, it changes with age. Below is a table showing the normal glucose levels in a child as he grows:
Among women
Women's health depends on many factors, including glycemic levels. For each age, certain norms are characteristic, a decrease or increase in which threatens the emergence of various pathologies. Experts recommend taking a blood test from time to time so as not to miss the primary symptoms of dangerous diseases associated with excess or insufficient sugar. Below is a table with normal glucose levels:
In addition to the woman's age, it should also be borne in mind that the indicators may be slightly increased during pregnancy. During this period, the normal amount of sugar is considered to be 3.3-6.6 mmol. A pregnant woman should regularly measure this indicator in order to diagnose the deviation in a timely manner. This is important because there is a high risk of developing gestational type diabetes, which can later develop into type 2 diabetes (the number of ketone bodies in the blood of a pregnant woman increases, and the level of amino acids decreases).
In men
The test is carried out on an empty stomach from 8 to 11 hours, and the material is taken from the finger (nameless). Normal blood sugar in men is 3.5-5.5 mmol. A short time after eating, these numbers may increase, so it is important to conduct an examination in the morning, while the person's stomach is still empty. In this case, before the analysis, you must refrain from eating for at least 8 hours. If venous blood or plasma is taken from the capillaries, then others will be normal - from 6.1 to 7 mmol.
The normal blood sugar level of a person should be determined, given his age. Below is a table with acceptable test results for men of different age categories, while deviations from these norms indicate the development of hyper- or hypoglycemia. In the first case, there is a serious burden on the kidneys, as a result of which a person often visits the toilet and gradually develops dehydration. With hypoglycemia, working capacity decreases, the tone decreases, the man quickly gets tired. The normative data is as follows:
What should be the blood sugar
A healthy adult has a glycemic level of 3.2 to 5.5 mmol (when tested on an empty stomach) - this indicates the normal functioning of the pancreas and other organs. If the test is carried out by taking material from a vein, and not a finger, then the indicators will be higher: in this case, the permissible maximum limit is 6.1 mmol. Consider what differences in indicators that are considered the norm for people of different ages:
- in children up to a month - from 2.8 to 4.4 mmol;
- up to 60 years - from 3.2 to 5.5 mmol;
- 60-90 years - from 4.6 to 6.4 mmol;
- over 90 years old - from 4.2 to 6.7 mmol.
In the presence of any type of diabetes, the glucose level in an adult or child will be elevated. It is important to follow all the doctor's instructions to maintain its amount at an acceptable level - adhere to a diet, take medication, engage in any kind of sport. Thanks to such measures, it is possible to maintain the glucose rate close to that characteristic of healthy people. So, the normal level of sugar in diabetics is 3.5-5.5 mmol.
