Increasingly, in order to distract the child from modern gadgets, parents are thinking about the versatile development of their child. One useful alternative would be to experiment with water for children. Toddlers love to learn new information, especially when the learning process is exciting and interesting. In this article, we will consider in detail the options for experiments and experiences available in a city apartment.

Features of water and options for their study

Everyone knows that water exists in three states of aggregation - liquid, vapor and ice. The most accessible option may be such an experiment with water for children: show the crumbs how water boils in a saucepan or in a kettle. Toddlers are often delighted with the appearance of bubbles, steam, seething and the corresponding noise. During the experiment, it must be explained that boiling water is very hot and can cause pain. Also dangerous is steam and a hot container in which the experiment is carried out.

Options for the little ones

Toddlers get acquainted with water and its features very early. A healthy baby is allowed to bathe almost from the first days of life. Many children perceive bathing as an integral part of their lives - they feel comfortable and well in the aquatic environment. When children begin to sit steadily, they can be offered various toys. It is good if the baby has the opportunity to independently learn the properties of water. A variety of home experiments for children with water while bathing:

• It can be poured from one container to another.
• The child can watch the liquid flow out of the watering can or from another hole.
• It is necessary to show that some objects sink (for example, a metal spoon), while others float on the surface (for example, a plastic mold).
• You can slap the surface of the water with your palm - splashes and bubbles will appear.
• If the baby bathes in a bubble bath, you can make hats out of it or decorate the bathroom wall.

Air balloons

Toddlers are often interested in how different objects interact with bright balloons. For example, sharp grass and bushes tear the balls, and they burst. On the water surface, inflated balloons are held and do not sink. If the room is damp and warm, they will burst. In addition, you can fill the balloon itself with water instead of air. It turns out a kind of "bomb". In hot weather in nature, they can be thrown at each other or from a small height. During such games, you should follow the safety rules and carefully monitor the child.

Development of motor skills and coordination

Many experiments and games with water involve the use of household items. For example, you can pour liquid from a large container into cups using a ladle, a tablespoon or a teaspoon. In the process of such a game, the child is fond of the process and trains his movements. Before such a game, you need to prepare a rag and teach the baby to wipe the table and floor behind him. You can also invite your child to fill the bottle. To do this, you need to show how to use the funnel.

For older and calm kids, you can offer such fun with water: a child dips a dishwashing sponge into one container of water. And squeezes it into another container. Gradually, water from one container is transported to another. Such an experience requires perseverance and attentiveness. But parents may have a few minutes of free time.

Children 3-4 years old: what are they interested in

Experiments with water for children 3-4 years old can be taken out of the bathroom to the kitchen or, if possible, to nature. It is better not to leave children at this age unattended so that they do not harm themselves or other objects. On the street, you can conduct such an experiment with water for children:

• Offer to water the plant from a watering can or a ladle from a bucket.
• Pour water into an object with holes or into a "leaky" bag - it is interesting to observe how quickly all the liquid will flow out.
• Pour water into a basin or bucket and check several items for "sinkability". You need to conduct such an experiment with various things, for example, a plank, a plastic glass, a stone, a leaf, a metal lid, and the like are suitable.
• If time permits on a hot summer day, leave a small bucket cold water in the sun. After a couple of hours, the water will noticeably warm up. The child can be told about the effects of the sun, changes in ambient temperature and much more.
• V winter period the child needs to show the features of snow and ice. The easiest thing to do is to bring snow into the apartment and watch how it melts.

Snow, ice and water: dating options

If you have a freezer, you can experiment with water and ice for children. Of course, one cannot do without the help of parents in such experiments. Such experiments with water for children 5-6 years old can be offered:

• Freeze some object in water. For this, a mold is taken (for example, silicone for baking - it is convenient to remove the ice from it), clean water is poured into it and an object is placed (flowers, leaves, beads, small toys, etc.). The container is placed in the freezer for several hours (the time of the experiment depends on the temperature and volume of water).

• Place ice cubes or shards in a container of water. V hot water they melt with a bang. When cold, they will float to the surface and slowly melt.

• You can turn a colored liquid into ice cubes, such as water with watercolor. If you freeze milk, juice or fruit drink, these cubes can then be added to children's drinks. In this way, children's curiosity for new dishes that the child did not want to try before can be aroused. In winter, you can decorate something in the yard with colored ice floes or lay out a pattern right on the snow.
• Pre-frozen ice cubes can be dripped with a solution of salt and paint. Salt corrodes ice, and paint stains it. The result is an ice with a beautiful color pattern.

Colorful experiments with water

At any age, an experiment with paints and water is interesting. For children, you can use or food coloring. There are several options for this experience:

• Water is poured into a transparent glass and a few drops of dye are dripped on top - intricate patterns appear on the surface, which quickly disappear, slightly coloring the water.

• If you use helium food coloring, you can draw some kind of pattern with a toothpick.
• In a food coloring solution, you can color something, such as white eggs or plastic. It is necessary to ensure that splashes of the solution do not fall on hands and clothes - they can be difficult to wash.
• Water of different colors is poured into 3 glasses. A piece of fabric is placed above them so that it partially falls into the liquid. The paint impregnates the fabric and, due to the fact that the colors in all the glasses are different, color transitions are formed. If you take 7 primary colors, you can get a real rainbow.
• By placing a white living flower in a container with diluted food coloring, after a few days you can observe a change in its color. The more concentrated the solution, the richer the color of the flower will turn out.
• In a jar of diluted paint, you can lower a wooden ice cream stick. Children really like to watch how the paint gradually impregnates the wood and rises up.

Epiphany water

As a rule, experiments with baptismal water for children are physically no different from experiments with ordinary water. The only difference is the opportunity to talk about where and when such water appears, what it is used for, what “miraculous” properties it has.

Experiments with dissolution

You can set up such a primitive experiment with water for children: pour warm liquid into a saucepan and invite the child to pour in everything that, in his opinion, can dissolve. For example, sugar and salt will dissolve quickly enough, and sweet peas will remain unharmed. So the baby will get the idea that some substances can dissolve when they collide with water, while others remain in their original form.

Modern technologies

In children's stores you can find many products designed for experiments. Thus, experiments for children at home with water can become much more interesting and varied. For example, there are silicone animals that are placed in water. Gradually, they are saturated with water and increase in size. It seems to the child that the animal simply grows by itself, and, of course, this process delights him.

There are also small granular fillers for bathtubs and home pools. When in contact with moisture, they grow several times. It seems that the child first bathed in water with colored sand, and then in a colored jelly-like mass.

When using such "novelties" for bathing and experiments, you need to monitor the reaction of the child's skin in order to notice the manifestation of an allergy in time. For young children, it is better not to use such products - babies can accidentally eat the granules.

Wax experiments with water

For children aged 11 and over, the following beautiful experience can be offered.

Would need:

• Wide water tank.
• Water.
• Blue or blue watercolor.
• Candle wax (preferably white or any light shade).
• Lighter or matches.

1. The water in the container is painted blue with watercolors (this is the symbolic "sea").
2. A candle is lit.
3. When the wax has melted enough, you need to bring the candle to the water and tilt it.
4. Melted wax, falling into the water, solidifies and takes on a bizarre shape (these are symbolic "islands in the sea").

Before conducting such an experiment, you need to carefully explain the safety rules to the child in order to avoid injuries and burns. It is better to conduct the first such experiment in the presence of adults.

The benefits of home experiments and experiments

Thus, the experiment with is not so much a learning process as a useful game. This entertainment allows you to easily acquaint your child with the properties of water, snow, ice and steam. In addition, the child in the process of experimentation receives useful skills - he learns to coordinate his movements, understands the difference between boiling water and pieces of ice, masters new movements, etc. Thanks to such experiments, the child develops an understanding that water can dissolve certain substances, about which objects sink and which can float. The more knowledge and skills a child develops, the more confident and capable he will become in the future. Therefore, a variety of experiments in childhood are very important and useful for full development.

If you're wondering how to celebrate a child's birthday, you might like the idea of ​​putting on a children's science show. In recent years, scientific holidays have become increasingly popular. Almost all children like entertaining experiments and experiments. For them, this is something magical and incomprehensible, which means interesting. The cost of hosting a science show is quite high. But this is no reason to deny yourself the pleasure of watching the astonished children's faces. After all, you can manage on your own, do not resort to the help of animators and holiday agencies.

In this article, I made a selection of simple chemical and physical experiments and experiments that can be done at home without any problems. Everything you need to carry them out is probably in your kitchen or first aid kit. You don't need any special skills either. All you need is a desire and a good mood.

I tried to collect simple but spectacular experiences that will be of interest to children of different ages. For each experiment, I prepared a scientific explanation (not for nothing that I studied to be a chemist!). To explain to the children the essence of what is happening or not is up to you. It all depends on their age and level of training. If the children are small, you can skip the explanation and go straight to the spectacular experience, saying only that they will be able to learn the secrets of such "miracles" when they grow up, go to school and begin to study chemistry and physics. Perhaps this will arouse their interest in studying in the future.

Although I chose the safest experiments, they still need to be taken very seriously. All manipulations are best performed with gloves and a bathrobe, at a safe distance from children. After all, the same vinegar and potassium permanganate can cause trouble.

And, of course, when conducting a children's science show, you need to take care of the image of a mad scientist. Your artistry and charisma will largely determine the success of the event. Turning from an ordinary person into a funny scientific genius is not at all difficult - all you need to do is ruffle your hair, put on big glasses and a white coat, smear yourself with soot and make an expression corresponding to your new status. This is what a typical mad scientist looks like.

Before putting on a science show on children's holiday(by the way, it can be not only a birthday, but also any other holiday), all experiments should be done in the absence of children. Rehearse that there were no unpleasant surprises later. Few things can go wrong.

Children's experiments can be carried out without a festive occasion - just so that it is interesting and useful to spend time with a child.

Choose the experiences you like the most and write a script for the holiday. In order not to heavily burden children with science, albeit entertaining, dilute the event with fun games.

Part 1. Chemical show

Attention! When conducting chemical experiments, you should be extremely careful.

foam fountain

Almost all children love foam - the more the better. Even kids know how to make it: for this you need to pour shampoo into water and shake it well. But can the foam form by itself without shaking and be also colored?

Ask the children what they think foam is. What is it made of and how can it be obtained. Let them express their guesses.

Then explain that foam is bubbles filled with gas. This means that for its formation, some substance is needed, of which the walls of the bubbles will consist, and a gas that will fill them. For example, soap and air. When soap is added to water and stirred, air enters these bubbles from the environment. But gas can be obtained in another way - in the process of a chemical reaction.

Option 1

• hydroperite tablets;
• potassium permanganate;
• liquid soap;
• water;
• a glass vessel with a narrow neck (preferably beautiful);
• cup;
• hammer;
• tray.

Statement of experience

1. Using a hammer, crush the hydroperite tablets into powder and pour it into a flask.
2. Place the flask on the tray.
3. Add liquid soap and water.
4. Prepare an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in a glass and pour it into a flask with hydroperide.

After the solutions of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and hydroperide (hydrogen peroxide) merge, a reaction will begin to occur between them, accompanied by the release of oxygen.

4KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 = 4MnO 2 ¯ + 5O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4KOH

Under the action of oxygen, the soap present in the flask will begin to foam and lick out of the flask, forming a kind of fountain. Due to potassium permanganate, part of the foam will turn pink.

You can see how this happens in the video.

Important: the glass vessel must have a narrow neck. Do not take the resulting foam in your hands and do not give it to children.

Option 2

Another gas, such as carbon dioxide, is also suitable for the formation of foam. You can paint the foam in any color you wish.

For the experiment you will need:

• plastic bottle;
• soda;
• vinegar;
• food coloring;
• liquid soap.

Statement of experience

1. Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
2. Add liquid soap and food coloring.
3. Pour in soda.

Result and scientific explanation

When soda and vinegar interact, a violent chemical reaction occurs, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2.

Under its action, the soap will begin to foam and lick out of the bottle. The dye will color the foam in the color you choose.

Merry ball

What's a birthday without balloons? Show the children the balloon and ask how to inflate it. The guys, of course, will answer that by mouth. Explain that the balloon is inflated by the carbon dioxide we exhale. But you can inflate the balloon with them in another way.

For the experiment you will need:

• soda;
• vinegar;
• bottle;
• balloon.

Statement of experience

1. Pour a teaspoon of baking soda into the balloon.
2. Pour into a bottle of vinegar.
3. Put the ball on the neck of the bottle and pour the soda into the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

As soon as baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent chemical reaction will begin, accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide CO 2 . The balloon will begin to inflate before your eyes.

CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

If you take a smiley balloon, it will impress the guys even more. At the end of the experiment, tie a balloon and give it to the birthday person.

See the video for a demonstration of the experience.

Chameleon

Can liquids change their color? If yes, why and how? Before setting up an experiment, be sure to ask the children these questions. Let them think. They will remember how water is colored when you rinse a brush with paint in it. Is it possible to decolorize the solution?

For the experiment you will need:

• starch;
• alcohol burner;
• test tube;
• Cup;
• water.

Statement of experience

1. Pour a pinch of starch into a test tube and add water.
2. Drop some iodine. The solution will turn blue.
3. Light the burner.
4. Heat the test tube until the solution becomes colorless.
5. Pour into a glass of cold water and immerse the test tube into it so that the solution cools down and turns blue again.

Result and scientific explanation

When interacting with iodine, the starch solution turns blue, since a dark blue compound I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n is formed. However, this substance is unstable and, when heated, again decomposes into iodine and starch. When cooled, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and we again see how the solution turns blue. This reaction demonstrates the reversibility of chemical processes and their dependence on temperature.

I 2 + (C 6 H 10 O 5) n => I 2 * (C 6 H 10 O 5) n

(iodine - yellow) (starch - clear) (dark blue)

rubber egg

All children know that the eggshell is very fragile and can break from the slightest blow. It would be nice if the eggs didn't beat! Then you wouldn't have to worry about bringing the eggs home when your mom sends you to the store.

For the experiment you will need:

• vinegar;
• raw egg;
• Cup.

Statement of experience

1. To surprise the kids, you need to prepare for this experience in advance. 3 days before the holiday, pour vinegar into a glass and place a raw chicken egg in it. Leave for three days so that the shell has time to completely dissolve.
2. Show the children a glass with an egg and invite everyone to say a magic spell together: “Tryn-dyryn, boom-brown! Egg, become rubber!
3. Take out the egg with a spoon, wipe it with a napkin and demonstrate how it can now be deformed.

Result and scientific explanation

Eggshells are made up of calcium carbonate, which dissolves when reacted with vinegar.

CaCO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH \u003d Ca (CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2

Due to the presence of a film between the shell and the contents of the egg, it retains its shape. What an egg looks like after vinegar, look at the video.

Secret letter

Children love everything mysterious, and therefore this experiment will surely seem like real magic to them.

Take an ordinary ballpoint pen and write on a piece of paper a secret message from aliens or draw some kind of secret sign that no one but the guys present can know about.

When the children read what is written there, say that it is a big secret and the inscription must be destroyed. Moreover, magical water will help you erase the inscription. If you treat the inscription with a solution of potassium permanganate and vinegar, then with hydrogen peroxide, the ink will be washed off.

For the experiment you will need:

• potassium permanganate;
• vinegar;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• flask;
• cotton swabs;
• ball pen;
• paper;
• water;
• paper towels or napkins;
• iron.

Statement of experience

1. Draw a picture or an inscription on a sheet of paper with a ballpoint pen.
2. Pour a little potassium permanganate into a test tube and add vinegar.
3. Soak a cotton swab in this solution and swipe over the inscription.
4. Take another cotton swab, moisten it with water and wash off the resulting stains.
5. Blot with a tissue.
6. Apply hydrogen peroxide to the inscription and blot again with a napkin.
7. Iron with an iron or put under a press.

Result and scientific explanation

After all the manipulations, you will get a blank sheet of paper, which will surprise the children very much.

Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent, especially if the reaction occurs in an acidic environment:

MnO 4 ˉ+ 8 H + + 5 eˉ = Mn 2+ + 4 H 2 O

A strong acidified solution of potassium permanganate literally burns many organic compounds, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. Acetic acid is used to create an acidic environment in our experiment.

The product of the reduction of potassium permanganate is manganese dioxide Mn0 2, which has a brown color and precipitates. To remove it, we use hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , which reduces the insoluble compound Mn0 2 to a highly soluble manganese (II) salt.

MnO 2 + H 2 O 2 + 2 H + = O 2 + Mn 2+ + 2 H 2 O.

I propose to see how the ink disappears on the video.

The power of thought

Before setting up the experiment, ask the children how to put out the candle flame. They, of course, will answer you that you need to blow out the candle. Ask if they believe you can put out a fire with an empty glass by casting a magic spell?

For the experiment you will need:

• vinegar;
• soda;
• glasses;
• candles;
• matches.

Statement of experience

1. Pour soda into a glass and pour vinegar over it.
2. Light some candles.
3. Bring a glass of soda and vinegar to another glass, tilting it slightly so that the carbon dioxide produced during the chemical reaction flows into the empty glass.
4. Carry a glass of gas over the candles, as if pouring them over the flame. At the same time, make a mysterious expression on your face and say some incomprehensible spell, for example: “Chicken-burs, mur-plee! Flame, don't burn anymore!" Children must think it's magic. You will reveal the secret after the enthusiasm.

Result and scientific explanation

When baking soda and vinegar interact, carbon dioxide is released, which, unlike oxygen, does not support combustion:

CH 3 -COOH + Na + - → CH 3 -COO - Na + + H 2 O + CO 2

CO 2 is heavier than air, and therefore does not fly up, but settles down. Thanks to this property, we are able to collect it in an empty glass, and then “pour it” onto candles, thereby extinguishing their flame.

How it happens, look at the video.

Part 2. Entertaining physical experiments

strong jean

This experiment will allow children to look at the usual action for them from the other side. Place an empty wine bottle in front of the children (it is better to remove the label first) and push the cork into it. And then turn the bottle upside down and try to pop the cork out. Of course, you won't succeed. Ask the children if there is any way to get the cork out without breaking the bottle? Let them say what they think about it.

Since the cork cannot be picked up through the neck, it means that one thing remains - to try to push it out from the inside out. How to do it? You can call the genie for help!

The genie in this experiment will be a large plastic bag. To heighten the effect, the package can be painted with colored markers - draw eyes, nose, mouth, pens, some patterns.

So, for the experiment you will need:

• empty wine bottle;
• Cork;
• plastic bag.

Statement of experience

1. Twist the bag with a tube and put it into the bottle so that the handles are outside.
2. Turning the bottle over, ensure that the cork is on the side of the package closer to the neck.
3. Inflate the package.
4. Gently begin to pull the bag out of the bottle. A cork will come out with it.

Result and scientific explanation

As the bag inflates, it expands inside the bottle, expelling air from the bottle. When we start to pull out the bag, a vacuum is created inside the bottle, due to which the walls of the bag wrap around the cork and drag it out with them. This is such a strong gin!

To see how this happens, watch the video.

Wrong glass

On the eve of the experiment, ask the children what happens if you turn a glass of water upside down. They will answer that the water will pour out. Say that this happens only with the "correct" glasses. And you have a “wrong” glass from which water does not pour out.

For the experiment you will need:

• glasses with water;
• paints (you can do without them, but this way the experience looks more spectacular; it is better to use acrylic paints - they give more saturated colors);
• paper.

Statement of experience

1. Pour into glasses of water.
2. Add color to it.
3. Moisten the rims of the glasses with water and place a sheet of paper over them.
4. Press the paper firmly against the glass, holding it with your hand, turn the glasses upside down.
5. Wait for a while until the paper sticks to the glass.
6. Remove your hand quickly.

Result and scientific explanation

Surely all children know that we are surrounded by air. Although we do not see him, he, like everything around him, has weight. We feel the touch of air, for example, when the wind blows on us. There is a lot of air, and therefore it presses on the earth and everything that is around. This is called atmospheric pressure.

When we apply paper to a wet glass, it sticks to its walls due to surface tension.

In an inverted glass, between its bottom (now at the top) and the surface of the water, a space is formed filled with air and water vapor. The force of gravity acts on the water, which pulls it down. This increases the space between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water. At constant temperature, the pressure in it decreases and becomes less than atmospheric. The total pressure of air and water on the paper from the inside is slightly less than the air pressure from the outside. Therefore, water does not pour out of the glass. However, after a while, the glass will lose its magical properties, and the water will still pour out. This is due to the evaporation of water, which increases the pressure inside the glass. When it becomes more than atmospheric, the paper will fall off and the water will pour out. But you can't bring it up to this point. So it will be more interesting.

You can watch the progress of the experiment on the video.

Gluttonous bottle

Ask the children if they like to eat. Do they like to eat glass bottles? Not? Bottles are not eaten? And here they are wrong. They don’t eat ordinary bottles, but magic bottles are not even averse to having a bite.

For the experiment you will need:

• boiled chicken egg;
• a bottle (to heighten the effect, the bottle can be painted or somehow embellished, but so that the children can see what is happening inside it);
• matches;
• paper.

Statement of experience

1. Peel off the shell boiled egg. Who eats eggs in shell?
2. Set fire to a piece of paper.
3. Throw the burning paper into the bottle.
4. Put the egg on the neck of the bottle.

Result and scientific explanation

When we throw burning paper into the bottle, the air in it heats up and expands. By closing the neck with an egg, we prevent the flow of air, as a result of which the fire goes out. The air in the bottle cools and contracts. A pressure difference is created inside the bottle and outside, due to which the egg is sucked into the bottle.

For now, that's all. However, over time, I plan to add a few more experiments to the article. At home, you can, for example, experiment with balloons. Therefore, if you are interested in this topic, add the site to your bookmarks or subscribe to the newsletter. When I add something new, I will inform you about it by e-mail. It took me a lot of time to prepare this article, so please respect my work and when copying materials, be sure to put an active hyperlink to this page.

If you have ever done home experiments for children and put on a science show, write about your impressions in the comments, attach a photo. It will be interesting!

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We have a lot of things in our kitchen with which you can make interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, to make a couple of discoveries from the category of “how I didn’t notice this before.”

site chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.

1. Lava lamp

Need: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, a few food colors, a large clear glass or glass jar.

Experience: 2/3 fill a glass with water, pour into water vegetable oil. The oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Need: A container filled with water (bath, basin), flashlight, mirror, sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into the container and put a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of a flashlight to the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on paper, on which a rainbow should appear.

Explanation: The beam of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it decomposes into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Volcano

Need: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle made of clay or sand - for entourage. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins with the release of water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles and push the contents out.

4. Grow crystals

Need: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To get crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which when a new portion is added, the salt does not dissolve. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Further, a wire with a small loop at the end can be lowered into the solution. Put the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. After a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Need: A bottle, a coin that can be used to cover the neck of a bottle, water.

Experience: An empty unclosed bottle should be put in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle taken out of the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to bounce and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which has compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, and now has heated up and began to expand.

6. Colored milk

Need: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton buds, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of dyes. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in detergent and touch the wand to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will move and the colors will mix.

Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. That is why skimmed milk is not suitable for the experiment.

7. Fireproof bill

Need: Ten-rouble note, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution so that it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and allow excess liquid to drain. Set fire to a bill and watch it burn without burning.

Explanation: Combustion ethyl alcohol water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy) are produced. When you set fire to a bill, alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not enough to evaporate the water that the paper bill is soaked in. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.

9 Camera Obscura

You will need:

A camera that supports slow shutter speeds (up to 30 s);

Large sheet of thick cardboard;

Masking tape (for pasting cardboard);

A room with a view of anything;

Sunny day.

1. We seal the window with cardboard so that the light does not come from the street.

2. In the center we make an even hole (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).

3. When the eyes get used to the darkness, an inverted street will be found on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be on a bright sunny day.

4. Now the result can be shot on a camera at a slow shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.

Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be done at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they are able not only to diversify the child's leisure time, but also allow you to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.

Young naturalists

Experiments at home, great for children under 10 years old - The best way help the child gain practical experience that will be useful to him in the future.

Safety precautions during experiments

In order for the conduct of cognitive experiments not to be overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.

Safety comes first

1. Before you start working with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and will save appearance and functionality of furniture.
2. In the process of work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if the plans include chemical experiments for young children, in which unsafe substances are involved. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
3. If possible, use protective equipment: gloves, goggles. They should fit the child in size and not interfere with him during the experiment.

Simple experiments for the little ones

Developmental experiences and experiments for the youngest children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and a miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.

For example, children will be indescribably delighted with the real seven-color rainbow, which they themselves can call with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.

Rainbow in a bottle experience

To begin with, a mirror is placed at the bottom of a small basin or bath. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed to the mirror. After the light is reflected and passed through the water, it decomposes into its constituent colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.

Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be done with ordinary water, wire and salt.

To start the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: with the required amount of salt in water, it ceases to dissolve when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. In order for the experiment to be more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.

Experience "Salt on a wire"

When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. It will be possible to notice the first results in a few days. By the way, not only ordinary, straight wire can be used in the experiment: by twisting bizarre figures out of it, you can grow crystals of various sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give the child a great idea for New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - just find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowfield out of it.

Invisible ink can also make an indelible impression on the child. Preparing them is very simple: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write the text.

Invisible ink can be bought ready-made

To begin with, in a cup you need to mix an equal amount lemon juice and water. Then, a little cotton wool is wound around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting "pencil" is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; then they can write any text on a piece of paper.

Although at first the words on paper will be completely invisible, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet with already dried ink must be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.

What kid doesn't love balloons?

It turns out that you can even inflate an ordinary balloon in a very original way. To do this, dissolve one spoon in a bottle of water. baking soda. And in another cup, the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar are mixed. After, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball must be put on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until the chemical reaction is over. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. In order for the ball not to jump off the neck of the bottle, it can be fixed with tape or tape.

Experience "Inflate the balloon"

Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, fancifully mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour a little whole milk and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Separate areas of the liquid will turn into different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, having previously dipped it in detergent, bring it to the surface of colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will make it move.

Experience "Drawings on milk"

Important! Skimmed milk will not work for this experiment. You can only use whole!

Surely all children have seen at home and on the street for funny air bubbles in mineral or sweet water. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisins to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into the bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easy under the action of air bubbles both corn and raisins will begin to rise, and then - having reached the surface of the liquid - fall down again.

Experiments for older children

Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments for older children are a little more difficult, but children can already take part in them.

To comply with safety regulations, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly in the role of a spectator. Children over 10 years of age can take a more active part in the experiments.

An example of such an experiment would be the creation of a lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But, it is much more pleasant to make it with your own hands, using simple components for this, which are sure to be found in every home.

Experience "Lava Lamp"

The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or the most ordinary glass. In addition, for the experiment you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and a little food coloring.

The jar, or other container used as the base of the lamp, is filled with two-thirds of water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter than water by weight, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, a teaspoon of salt is placed in the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.

The following chemistry experiment will help make a school subject like geography fun and interesting.

Making a volcano with your own hands

After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you make it easy at home with your own hands, using the available tools at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.

To begin with, a bottle is placed on the tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - so the mountain will take on a more complete and believable look. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: a little warm water is poured into the bottle, then a little soda and food coloring (red or orange). The final touch will be a quarter cup of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains the interesting effect of the eruption, which can be observed with the child.

Volcano can be made from toothpaste

Can paper burn without burning?

It turns out yes. And the experiment with fireproof money will easily prove it. To do this, a ten-ruble banknote is immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a ratio of 1 to 1, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Having flared up, it will begin to burn, but it will not burn out at all. The explanation for this experience is quite simple. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly wet, but absolutely intact.

Ice experiments are always a success

Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using the soil. How it's done?

A little cotton wool is placed in the eggshell; it is actively wetted with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days, the first sprouts will be visible. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.

And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will surely appeal to girls. After all, who doesn't love flowers?

A painted flower can be given to mom

Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to a simple experience, right in front of astonished children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, it is extremely simple to do this: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you need. To better absorb water, it is better to cut diagonally - so it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light, or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before the start of the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.

Petals will be painted in all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. What will undoubtedly make an indelible impression on the child!

Experience "Colored foam"

Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow down. But, is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled with water by about a third. The napkin is folded several times so that a narrow rectangle is obtained. After that, the napkin unfolds again; stepping back a little from the bottom edge on it, you need to draw a line of colored dots of a sufficiently large diameter. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with a napkin, the water will gradually rise up, staining it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect is due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily pass water up.

Experience with water and a napkin

For the next experiment, you will need a small blotter, cookie cutters of various shapes, some gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.

Gelatin water does not mix

Gelatin dissolves in a quarter cup of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to about 50 degrees. the resulting liquid must be distributed in a thin layer over a plastic bag. With the help of cookie cutters, figures of various shapes are cut out of gelatin. After that, they need to be laid on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. The warm breath will cause the gelatin to expand in volume, causing the figures to begin to curve on one side.

Experiments carried out at home with children are very easy to diversify.

Gelatin figures from molds

In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figurines to the balcony or leaving them in the freezer for a while. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.

Conclusion

Description of other experiences

Delight and a sea of ​​positive emotions - that's what experimenting for curious children will give, carried out together with adults. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of the first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.

01.06.2016

Interest in the laws of physics can be instilled in children from preschool and primary school age. This does not require boring textbooks with formulas that will discourage all desire for physical experiments.

A simple desire of an adult to overcome his own laziness is enough and, having gathered his thoughts and spirit, head to the bathroom and, together with the little Einsteins, perform scientific experiments that reveal the secrets of physics. For example, water is a very interesting physical substance, because it is not for nothing that kids like to play with water for a long time. In addition, water games have a positive effect on the state of the child's psyche, since water relieves electrostatic stress that accumulates in the human body.

Experience one - Why does the water not pour out?

“Hey baby, what do you know about water? What is she? That's right, water is wet, liquid. It may even spill out of the bucket when we mop the floors. But not always water is able to pour out. Sometimes it becomes "magic" and "refuses" to flow out of a bucket or cup. Do not believe? Then look here: do you see this glass? Fill it up with water. So. And now I will cover our container with a very thick sheet of paper. Okay, I'll hold the paper sheet firmly with my hand. Hocus pocus get it! I turn the glass upside down, and what happens? The paper does not fall down, but as if glued to the glass! The liquid stays inside, it doesn't spill out! Guess what the trick is?

The solution to the secret with "non-flowing water":

This experiment demonstrates the power of atmospheric pressure to hold water inside a glass. An album sheet, pressed tightly against the edges of a container of water, creates a boundary between air and liquid. A low pressure developed inside the glass, just enough to hold the sheet of paper pressed down to prevent the water from escaping. The high atmospheric pressure of the environment presses on a sheet of paper and presses it against a glass of water.

Experience two - "Water-helper"

“Did you feel that sea water can help a person swim? She seems to push up everything that falls into her "embrace". This is because sea water has one magical property. And now you know about it. We take two transparent plastic or glass vessels. These picnic glasses are just fine. Pour water, add two spoons sea ​​salt in one glass. Please help me, stir the salt until completely dissolved. In the meantime, I'll take two eggs out of the fridge. I wipe my testicles. Ready? Then take the eggs and dip them into glasses of water. You see, in one glass there is sea water, it is with salt, and the egg does not lie at the bottom, but floats up. And unsalted water cannot “support” the testicle, and it immediately drowned. What is the secret of "sea" magic?

The clue to the trick with salt water and eggs: the whole trick lies in the density of sea water, it is greater than that of fresh water. The high density of salt water allows it to hold objects on the surface. If you go to Israel to the shores of the very salty Dead Sea, then you will be convinced more than once that the “magic” water will not allow anyone to drown, even small children.

Last experience - "Water-traveler"

“Did you know that water loves to transform and travel? Do not believe? But now we will see this if we conduct such a physical experiment. You see, usually water is liquid, but sometimes when it gets too hot, the liquids evaporate and rise into the air, and then go somewhere cooler. Here, look, water has just boiled in the electric kettle, pour it into a glass jar up to half. Do you see white steam coming out of the jar? This is our water droplets, which rose from the surface of the water from the heat and rise up! Let's create a new home for them, where they won't be so hot. We cover the neck of the jar with a cold glass lid, and what happens? The little drops love the new place! And they settle on the surface of a cool lid. Shake the lid and watch the drops fall back into the jar of water. Their journey was short, although other drops that live in rivers and the sea manage to reach the sky, and there they turn into clouds and fall back - to the earth - in the form of rain in summer or snowflakes in winter.

But that's not all! If the water is very much cooled, then it also begins to "move" and make, albeit small, but still journeys. We take a plastic mold for playing in the sandbox, pour water into it to the brim. Did? Good girl. And now we cut out a lid for our molds from cardboard, cover it tightly and put the mold with water and a lid in the freezer for three to four hours. If you are interested, you can sometimes open the door and wait for the “water” miracle. Most importantly, do not move the cardboard cover.

Run Run! What have you seen? Yes, yes, the water has turned to ice from the cold and no longer fits in the mold. You are right, the lid can no longer tightly cover our vessel. Traveler water is very curious, it is very boring for her to sit inside the mold, she seems to look out of it and says: “Hi, I want to see more, to see what is happening around! Remove this unnecessary cover as soon as possible! How can this happen? After all, before the water was placed in a mold and was in no hurry? What influenced her so much?

The mystery of physical experience with the "journey of water":

Water can be in the form of liquid, vapor and ice. When the water temperature reaches 100 degrees, it begins to evaporate and rise into the air. And when it is very cold (sub-zero temperatures), the water turns into a “water stone” - ice expands a little. In liquid form, it calmly fit in a plastic form, and, becoming ice, it expands and finds a place where it can “crawl out”. Our cardboard lid could not withstand the pressure of the frozen water and rose. This is how water behaves in such an interesting way when it gets very cold!

Physical experiments with water are most conveniently carried out in the bathroom or in the kitchen. When the baby is taking a bath, it is most convenient for the mother to experiment with salty sea water, and instead raw eggs You can use plastic bouncy balls. The experiment with a glass and a sticky album sheet is also reasonable to carry out in the bathroom. Since in the case of the first unsuccessful attempts of the child to repeat the experiment just demonstrated, water may spill in the nursery or living room. We wish you successful experiences and new discoveries!

Antonina Feneva