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What to do in case of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning: treatment at home

Even doctors note that a small dose of alcohol helps the body to cheer up, increase blood circulation inside, and cheer up. Exceeding the allowable amount, a person deliberately goes to create negative consequences for himself. The body is not able to cope with incoming toxins and toxic substances. As a result, the poison penetrates the internal organs and provokes the development of symptoms of intoxication. In such cases, you need to know what to do, how to deal with poisoning at home, when it is better to call an ambulance.

According to the international classification of diseases, relevant after the 10th revision, the toxic effect of alcohol poisoning received the following coding (ICD-10 code):

Ethyl alcohol poisoning - T51.0.
Methanol intoxication - T51.1.
Penetration into the body of propanol - T51.2.
The presence of fusel oils - T51.3.
Poisoning with other alcohols - T51.8.
Intoxication with unspecified alcohols is assigned to code T51.9.

Poisoning with alcoholic beverages is an acute form of intoxication, which manifests itself as a result of the consumption of liquids with alcohols in the composition:

Methylov;
Etilov;
Butilov;
Others.

Even a small dose that enters the body can do much harm. Exposure degrades functionality and leads to negative consequences. Alcohol has a complex effect, affecting the kidneys, liver, digestive system, heart, and brain. Penetrating into the vessels, toxins, together with alcohol, reduce the ability of blood to clot.

How intensely alcohol intoxication will manifest itself depends on a number of factors:

gender of the person;
The age of the patient;
body weight;
Genetic predisposition to the consumption of alcoholic beverages;
health conditions;
The amount of alcohol consumed;
The quality and strength of the drinks consumed.

The presence in the body of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of alcohol is important.

If the use of strong drinks is not regular and occurs without large volumes, the body successfully copes with the neutralization of small doses. The liver, after cleaning the blood, removes toxins without the consequences arising from poisoning. Exceeding the allowable norms leads to the inability of the liver to cope with cleaning. Poisonous compounds are absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to the internal organs. Being in the brain, alcohol toxins disrupt the entire central nervous system.

At the initial stage of penetration of ethyl into the central nervous system, a person feels a surge of joy, a feeling of euphoria appears. This is followed by a decrease in concentration, movements are disturbed, consciousness becomes clouded.

Alcohol in any form is recognized as a poison to the body. If there is a small dose, there are enough internal forces for splitting ethyl alcohol for simple and harmless substances. However, with an increase in the dosage and frequency of consumption, internal capabilities are not enough, and the severity of intoxication increases. The liver cleanses the blood less thoroughly, as a result, alcohol decay products accumulate in the organs: acetaldehyde, acetic acid, lactic acid. Against the background of the negative impact of toxic substances, the balance of acids and alkalis decreases in the direction of greater oxidation of the internal environment of the digestive tract.

Alcohol poisoning of the body can occur not only when consuming a large amount of alcohol-containing drinks. A phenomenon is possible if there are:

Poor quality product;
Wrong drink;
Chronic form of intoxication.

The reasons are accompanied by the nuances of treatment, we will understand in more detail.

Poor quality alcohol and consumption of the wrong fluids

Unscrupulous manufacturers, in pursuit of super profits, use methyl and butyl alcohol instead of high-quality ethyl alcohol. Both compounds are poisonous and should not be ingested. Fake drinks are called surrogates. In the ranking of poisoning against the background of alcohol consumption, the defeat of a low-quality product occupies the first line. For many people, surrogate consumption becomes the last act of life. Even the doctors can't save her.

What is often found in a bottle with vodka and other alcohol-containing drinks:

Various alcohols: butyl, hydrolytic, sulfite.
Denatured alcohol. This is the name of a substance consisting of several components, specially tinted blue, so as not to be confused with drinking solutions. Liquid contains ethyl, kerosene, methanol, isopropanol. Often the composition includes gasoline, pyridine, dye. Denatured alcohols are used for the preparation of varnishes, paints, detergents, in the pharmacological industry. They are used as an additive in fuel to increase the octane number. It should be noted that the ethyl alcohol used in denatured alcohol is extremely toxic.
Perfumery products. Cologne is especially popular.
Lacquer building materials.
Methyl alcohol.
Ethylene glycol. Contained in household chemicals for cleaning rooms, in car care formulations.

The consumption of surrogates and denatured alcohol will not give a person a state of intoxication, but signs of severe intoxication will appear:

The defeat of the visual organ, the inability to smell.
Extraneous sounds appear in the ears.
I have a stomachache.
Excess saliva is secreted.
Pain syndrome in the joints.

Perhaps accidental ingestion of denatured alcohol into the body, to save you need to immediately rinse the stomach and take sorbent agents.

Too much alcohol

When the amount of alcohol consumed exceeds the permissible limits, a severe degree of poisoning develops inside. At this point, the patient's sensitivity decreases, movements become inhibited. The patient is in a mild stupor. Lack of help causes the heart to stop pumping blood and stop. In addition, there is no breathing, the patient falls into an alcoholic coma.

This situation is observed when the content in the blood is more than 3 percent of ethyl alcohol. If converted to volume, 300 milliliters of pure alcohol is enough for a fatal outcome. On average, 8 g of liquid with ethanol per 1 kilogram of a person's weight is enough for an adult to die.

Chronic intoxication

Regular intake of alcohol in the body leads to alcohol addiction - alcoholism. A person becomes addicted on a physical and psychological level. An alcoholic constantly needs a dose.

The internal forces of the body are enough for a small amount of alcohol-containing drinks. When the intake becomes regular, the liver can no longer cope with the intake of toxins. Blood purification becomes of poor quality, toxic substances accumulate inside, negatively affect the functioning of internal systems.

After a binge, the patient needs more time to recover than when the permissible alcohol norms are exceeded.

Symptoms of poisoning

The intake of a small amount of alcohol into the body will not cause serious disorders. However, regular consumption in large volumes leaves a mark and provokes significant changes in the internal state. The main organs that perceive the negative effects of vodka are the brain and liver.

The liver cannot cope with blood purification, the liquid carries toxins to the head, where further destruction of a person occurs - physical, moral and psychological.

Stages of poisoning

The first organ that encounters alcohol is the stomach. From there, part of the liquid through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract is absorbed into the bloodstream. The liver tries to neutralize toxins, but only manages a small part of them. The remaining toxic substances are sent along with the blood to the brain. At the described stage, the internal organs cease to function normally. The structure of neurons also undergoes changes.

Doctors divide the process of vodka intoxication into three stages, where each subsequent one follows from the previous one.

Easy. The amount of alcohol consumed is small. No more than 2 percent is collected in the blood. The patient is in a good mood. There are certain symptoms that accompany the mild stage of poisoning:

The face becomes red because of the rush of blood into the small capillaries.
A person has nervous excitement, euphoria. There is a desire to do something, to go somewhere.
The pupils are enlarged.
The patient cannot control himself.
Communication between thoughts is lost.
It becomes difficult to concentrate.

This condition does not entail serious consequences, it passes quite quickly. The only thing that will remind you of drunk is in the morning.

Average. At this stage, the amount of alcohol in the blood is within 2-3 percent. Coordination of movements is disturbed, which immediately affects the gait. The step becomes floating. Clinic of moderate alcohol poisoning:

The work of the brain becomes inhibited.
When speaking, speech sounds slurred, confused.
The person is lost in time and space. It's hard for him to concentrate.
There is a pain syndrome in the stomach, nausea, constant vomiting, frequent defecation with liquid fecal masses.
Makes the person sleepy.

After alcohol, when the supply of toxic substances stops, the patient falls into a deep sleep. Sometimes first aid is needed. As a rule, the condition returns to normal within a day.

Heavy. The blood contains up to 5 percent of alcoholic products. There is a risk of irreversible changes in the internal systems of the body. Sometimes this condition leads to death with alcohol intoxication. Signs of a severe form of poisoning:

The patient is unconscious. No response to external stimuli.
The intensity of breathing decreases, the pulse slows down. A person experiences interruptions in breathing, shortness of breath occurs. The pulse is hard to feel. Arterial pressure drops sharply.
Body temperature drops to 36.
There are convulsive phenomena in the limbs.
Excess saliva is secreted.

At this stage, urgent medical attention is needed. Nothing can be done at home, since it is easy to increase the negative impact, which will lead to the death of the patient;

Ethyl alcohol poisoning is not the only type of body intoxication. In order to reduce the cost of surrogates, methyl alcohol is present in their composition. When ingested, it creates a state of painful intoxication. At the same time, the amount of alcohol consumed does not correspond to the resulting state.

When consuming methanol, signs of toxicosis occur on the second, maximum on the fourth day. At the same time, a negative effect on the organs of vision is felt, which can lead to a deterioration in visibility, up to blindness.

The development of an alcoholic coma

When the patient experiences a serious condition, the next stage is an alcoholic coma. This condition is described as stunning of the body. Coma begins to develop as soon as the percentage of ethanol in the blood reaches a value of 3. It looks like a deep faint, a coma is determined by the eyes, which are an indicator of well-being:

The pupils do not react to the stimulus when a light source is brought.
When you try to touch the cornea, the eyelids do not close, as they would in a healthy person.
There is movement of the eyeballs from one corner to another. The movement is like a pendulum.
The pupils constrict. Often you can see how the pupils alternate, alternately narrowing and expanding.

The state of alcoholic coma is conditionally divided into three stages of development, with characteristic symptoms and measures of assistance:

Easy stage. The patient is in a faint, the pupils narrow, a blue tint of the skin appears, the body temperature decreases, and the intensity of respiration and pulse are also suppressed. Ammonia can return from an alcoholic coma.
Middle stage. The muscles are completely relaxed. The main reflexes present in a healthy person stop working. There is no reaction to painful stimuli and ammonia. However, when the light is directed at the eyes, the pupils show a reaction and constrict.
Difficult stage. A person completely loses the efficiency of reflexes, the pupils do not react to light. The functioning of the respiratory apparatus is impaired. The cardiovascular system is also negatively affected.

When the patient is in a coma, there is no control over the body, in this state the tongue can fall into the throat and block breathing. In addition, vomit remains in the mouth, a person can choke. Saliva is abundantly secreted, causing wheezing and heavy breathing. The skin of the face turns blue. Arterial pressure decreases, the pulse is weakly palpable.

In the form of first aid, the patient should be placed horizontally, turn his head to one side.

At the first, mild stage of a coma, it is enough for the patient to perform a gastric lavage in order to reduce toxicosis and get out of hard drinking. After the procedure, the threat to life and health goes away. The second and third stages require qualified assistance from the medical staff of the hospital. It is necessary to carry out detoxification procedures, which are possible only in a hospital setting.

Home restoration

Not every alcoholism is amenable to the possibility of treatment at home. Being next to the victim, one should understand that the moment has come when it will not be possible to save a person without the help of doctors, you need to call the hospital:

The patient is unconscious, there is no reaction to external stimuli. Blows on the cheeks, directing light into the eyes do not help.
The body loses temperature. This symptom is easy to feel without a thermometer. The skin is covered with a sticky film.
The integument turns pale, cyanosis appears, redness is possible.
Breathing is disturbed.
The pulse is palpable with difficulty.
Vomit. The masses contain inclusions of bile and blood.
Urinary incontinence, feces.

In the hospital, droppers are placed for intravenous administration of glucose solutions and medicines. They also carry out activities to maintain the vital functions of the patient.

First aid for alcohol toxicosis

When alcohol poisoning is mild or moderate, then actions that can cure the disease are appropriate as part of the measures taken. Step by step:

Complete peace. It is necessary that the victim calm down physically and emotionally.
Put the patient in a horizontal position. It is desirable that the head looks to the side. This is necessary to prevent vomit and saliva from entering the respiratory tract.
If the patient is conscious, it is supposed to wash the stomach to get rid of the poison. To do this, drink 1 - 1.5 liters of water with potassium permanganate and cause a gag reflex by touching the back of the upper palate with your fingers.
Give sorbents to drink: activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polysorb. The antidote will cope well with alcohol toxicosis.
Give a laxative to cleanse the intestines of toxins and toxic substances.

To return consciousness to the victim, a solution of ammonia is prepared (up to 15 drops of medicine are diluted in a glass).

Recipes for folk therapy of poisoning

Treatment at home allows you to remove alcohol intoxication using the means at hand. Their use is inexpensive. People's advice:

During a hangover in adults, you should not take beer or vodka, you should drink fermented milk product or milk. When getting drunk, you should not consume a product with the addition of dyes, sugar or preservatives. These ingredients can cause even more poisoning and deterioration.
The next day, you should drink up to three tablets of Allochol or activated charcoal. These are sorbents that promote the binding of toxins and toxic substances, with their removal naturally through the rectum. Means help to alleviate the condition, move away from uncomfortable sensations.
Aspirin and ascorbic acid help relieve migraines that appear after alcohol intoxication. Also, medications have a positive effect on the patient's performance.
Under the influence of alcohols, a large amount of fluid is removed from the body, which leads to dehydration of organ tissues. To restore the water-salt balance, you need to drink more clean water. It is recommended to consume compote, juice, mineral water with a high content of alkaline components, brine. Not prevent sweet tea or coffee.
For accelerated disposal of alcohol poisoning, you need to take a contrast shower. Going to the bath will help to quickly remove toxins through the pores of the skin.

dropper

As a rule, a dropper is placed only in case of severe poisoning, when the methods of struggle taken before have not helped, or it is necessary to get out of the state that has arisen after a long binge. Thanks to the intravenous administration of drugs, the blood is cleared faster, the remnants of the alcoholic toxin leave the body, the victim comes to his senses. At the same time, it is permissible to carry out the procedure for setting a dropper at home. Manipulation makes it possible to control the process and, if necessary, adjust the direction of therapy. A long stage of binge leads to the accumulation of a large number of toxins and poisons inside, and only intensive therapy can help.

Used drugs for intravenous administration to the victim:

Glucose with salt in a liquid state. The best medicine, quickly thins the blood, preventing the formation of blood clots and congestion in the blood vessels. It also has a beneficial effect on the blood, contributing to the replenishment of cerebrospinal fluid in the bloodstream.
A solution of glucose, magnesium and insulin. It is worth noting that a 10% solution of glucose is taken. The liquid introduced into the body restores water balance, helping to avoid dehydration.
Soda dissolved in water. The tool is used to prevent violations of metabolic processes. Helps to activate them.
Electrolytes, acids, sodium thiosulfate with unithiol are administered intravenously. The funds are actively involved in the removal of alcoholic toxins from the blood plasma, and also contribute to the complete release of the body from harmful substances.
Glucose solution and small doses of insulin. Glucose is taken in the amount of 10-15 percent. Once inside the bloodstream, the mixture increases the sugar content in the blood, increases the supply of oxygen to the brain tissues.

Phytotherapy

The natural pharmacy contains many recipes for home help for the body in the fight against toxins and toxic substances. The proposed remedies will relieve the intensity of symptoms, help to improve the functioning of internal organs.

Brew tea from marshmallow. To prepare, take 2 tbsp. l. dried plant and two cups of boiling water. Mix the ingredients in a bowl. The broth is infused for at least 5 hours. Drink during the day 4 times. To increase the effect, honey is added.
Ginger tea. A tablespoon of raw materials is mixed with a glass hot water. After cooling, drink a tablespoon throughout the day.
Dill water with the addition of a bee product. You need to make a decoction of dill and water. The composition is kept on low heat for 20 minutes. Then cool and dissolve a spoonful of honey. Drink before meals 20 milliliters.
Homemade tincture of tansy and chamomile. The ingredients are mixed and poured with boiling water. The mixture is then simmered over low heat for 10 minutes. After cooling, drink half a glass throughout the day.

Starch. A tablespoon of raw materials dissolves in a glass of water. In this case, the liquid should not be hot, slightly heated, slightly higher room temperature. The resulting solution is drunk at one time when signs of intoxication appear.

Medicines

Post-alcohol intoxication is eliminated with the help of drug treatment used at home. Tools are used that perform certain actions:

Enterosorbents. Once inside the digestive system, drugs bind toxins, substances formed during poisoning. At the same time, a beneficial effect on the local microflora is observed. The process of digestion of food improves, the stool normalizes. In pharmacies you can find the following drugs: Enterosgel, activated charcoal, white charcoal, Polysorb, Smecta.
Medicines aimed at eliminating individual symptoms. The drugs relieve individual symptomatic manifestations of poisoning. In particular, there is an acceleration of metabolic processes, migraine passes, the patient's working capacity increases. In the places of sale of medicines you can find: Zorex, Yantavit, Glycine, Alkoseltzer.
Medicines related to homeopathic remedies. As part of such drugs contain enzymes that help the body process the incoming alcohol and decompose it into harmless substances. They also contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes. These are funds such as Proproten 100, Anti-E.
Means that restore the water-salt balance. During the period of alcohol vapor poisoning, a lot of moisture leaves the body. Minerals are also washed out with the liquid. It is noted that alcohol increases the outflow of urine, which also takes water from the cells. There is an incorrect redistribution of the remaining moisture in the tissues. Therefore, you can often meet an alcoholic with a swollen face. To restore balance, use special solutions containing rehydrants. The composition of the drugs includes sodium, potassium, chlorides, which help to eliminate the symptoms of poisoning. Doctors recommend Regidron, Hydrovit.

Means that restore the microflora in the intestine. The decay products of alcohol destroy beneficial microorganisms and create a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic flora. Against the background of an imbalance, constipation occurs or defecation occurs frequently and with liquid feces. As restorative medicines that can provide effective assistance, they use: Linex, Enterol, Bifidumbacterin, Bifiform. The powder is diluted in water and drunk in one go.

Nutrition after poisoning

When the cleansing activities are over, the last remnants of alcohol will be removed from the body, the normal functioning of the digestive system should be restored. The most suitable tool for this would be diet food. Diet will help prepare the digestive tract for heavy loads.

In the early days of alcohol intoxication, it is not recommended to eat. During this period, you need to drink more water, take medications. As a consumed liquid, it is allowed to use still mineral water, tea. Sometimes you can eat chicken bouillon, crackers. Carefully monitor your well-being. Already on the second day you are allowed to eat meatless dishes made from rice, semolina and lean boiled meat.

The absorbed food is divided into small portions. Food is steamed or boiled. On recovery days, smoked meats and canned foods should be abandoned. V diet menu no fatty and fried foods. As a rule, a patient needs up to 3 days to fully recover from mild to moderate poisoning. During this period, the situation in the stomach normalizes, the digestive system is rehabilitated, and the balance between microorganisms is restored in the intestines. After the passage of the cleansing period, it is allowed to gradually introduce new products and increase the variety of the diet.

Consequences of alcohol poisoning

Unpleasant side effects occur even with a small amount of alcohol-containing drinks. A person feels weakness, weakness in the body. strong is not ruled out headache, a significant decrease in performance. An overdose provokes an increase in symptoms, new signs of alcohol poisoning are added. This time the reflection is visible on the mental state of the patient. The mood will change dramatically for no apparent reason, mental activity decreases. Mental illness develops.

The toxins inside can provoke an acute stage of already existing diseases. The regular intake of an alcoholic product into the body leads to the fact that processes of an irreversible nature occur inside. An acute pathology of the liver develops, and irreversible changes occur in the heart and brain.

For chronic alcoholics, the state of psychosis, the death of tissues of internal organs, becomes characteristic. There is the development of ulcers, disruption of the heart, cirrhosis.

29.10.2017 Narcologist Raisa Fedorovna Kovalchuk 0

Alcohol poisoning: first aid

First aid for alcohol poisoning is necessary for the patient as soon as possible, otherwise, the victim may die. Intoxication is a dangerous condition that requires immediate action. It can manifest itself if a person drinks too much regular alcohol, but also after even a small amount of surrogate drinking.

Alcohol intoxication: symptoms

If poisoning with low-quality alcohol occurs, the first thing to do is to call a medical team. It is also important to open the access of clean air to the room where the poisoned person is located. To do this, you can open a window or window. It is also recommended to release a person from tight, squeezing clothing by unbuttoning or removing it.

While the doctors are driving to the scene, you need to provide first aid, observing the following sequence of actions:

Gastric lavage;
Language fixation;
Purgation;
Abundant drink.

Gastric lavage

It is strictly forbidden to take any medication during poisoning, since most of them can create a lethal mixture with the breakdown products of low-quality alcohol. The person may die.

First aid for alcohol intoxication is to completely empty the stomach. For washing, you may need a solution of soda or potassium permanganate in plain water. You can try to induce a gag reflex by drinking a large container of water.

Another way to empty the stomach is to induce vomiting. For this, a person is laid on his side and put pressure on the root of the tongue. These actions are justified and safe only when the patient is conscious. If it is lost, vomit can enter the respiratory passage and lead to the death of the patient.

After the patient begins to vomit with plain water, it is recommended to clean the oral cavity from vomit and saliva, wipe the face cold water and let him rest until the ambulance arrives.

Language fixation

Consciousness can leave a person, there is a risk of falling tongue and blocking the airways, which will inevitably lead to lethal outcome. To prevent this, you need to fix the language.

For this, the poisoned person is laid on his side. If it is not possible or there is not enough strength to completely turn it on its side, turn its head. At the same time, the tongue is pressed against the palate with a napkin, a spoon or just a finger. For convenience, a clean cloth can be wound around your finger.

You will have to keep your tongue in this position until medical help arrives. This measure will ensure the patient uninterrupted access of oxygen to the lungs.

Purgation

In the pre-medical period with alcohol intoxication, cleansing enemas should be done to remove toxins and decay products of a low-quality alcoholic drink. The procedure must be carried out as part of the emergency assistance to the victim.

For an enema, clean water at room temperature is taken. It is strictly forbidden to add medicinal compounds or herbal preparations, this may worsen the patient's condition. Cleansing is done until the waters are clear.

Sorbents bind together the elements of toxins and poisons that have entered the body and effectively eliminate them. In addition, they facilitate the manifestations of intoxication syndrome, and accelerate the process of removing alcohol. Before use, be sure to read the instructions, the drugs should be taken in accordance with the dosage, which depends on the weight and age of the poisoned person. Sorbents are washed down with plenty of clean water to enhance their effect.

Reception of adsorbents

When assisting a person who has been poisoned by alcohol, before the arrival of doctors, activated charcoal and similar means are used. They have the ability to bind the surrogate toxins that have got inside and remove them naturally along with the feces.

The most commonly used drugs in this group are:

Activated charcoal 6-8 tablets should be crushed into powder and given to the victim, washed down with a small amount of water;
White coal;
Enterosgel (at a dosage of 6 tablespoons at a time, washed down with water, if necessary, the procedure can be repeated after 10 minutes);
Smecta;
Sorbex.

Plentiful drink

First aid at home must necessarily include a procedure for restoring the balance of fluid in the patient's body. After cleansing procedures, emptying the stomach and intestines, during which the body loses a huge amount of fluid, the patient should constantly drink water. It is necessary to give water at room temperature in small sips at short intervals.

You can prepare strong tea for the victim by adding honey to it or offer mineral water with a slice of lemon. This will improve his well-being and maintain strength until the arrival of specialists and sending him to the hospital.

Actions when the patient loses consciousness

The provision of first aid in case of alcohol poisoning should be as quick as possible, this will avoid many negative consequences.

Severe exposure to toxins can cause loss of consciousness or even a coma. The first step is to check your breathing and heartbeat. To do this, you need to feel the pulse on the carotid artery, on the neck, and feel the breath, putting your hand to your chest. In the absence of a heartbeat, indirect massage and artificial ventilation of the lungs are immediately started.

Provided that the heartbeat is palpable and breathing is clearly visible, you need to lay the victim on his side. If it is not possible to turn his body on its side completely, you should at least turn your head so that the person does not suffocate with vomit or from falling tongue. The person should be placed on a flat, hard surface.

Actions in cardiac arrest

The stopped heart must be restarted as quickly as possible, chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration begin. According to the recommendations of physicians, for every second breath, approximately 20 chest compressions are made in the region of the heart. The procedure is performed until a distinct and persistent heartbeat appears. Be sure to call an ambulance and keep your phone with you.

If, after starting the heart, the patient remains unconscious, it is necessary to bring a cotton swab dipped in ammonia to his nose. The distance to the nasal entrance should be at least 1 cm. The tool has a strong awakening effect, if it does not help, a complex of resuscitation is required.

Medical actions

First aid is provided by a team of doctors in case of alcohol poisoning immediately upon arrival at the place. First of all, the patient's condition is assessed and close people who were next to him at the time of poisoning are interviewed. The procedures that have already been taken, the symptoms that have manifested, as well as the time when vodka or other alcohol was taken and its amount are specified.

Then the patient is provided with oxygen through the mask and a dropper is connected with a special alcohol antidote solution. After that, he is taken to the hospital for treatment.

To speed up the process of removing alcohol, special drugs are used, such as Metadoxil (photo). The injection solution is diluted in 500 ml of a 5% glucose solution. To increase the effectiveness of the drug, it is necessary to inject 400-900 mg intramuscularly using a dropper. Simultaneously with the drug, a solution with vitamins and glucose is administered intramuscularly. It is also important to adhere to the principles proper nutrition following a special diet.

As a treatment, ethyl alcohol is used, which, in the form of a weak solution, is dripped directly into the veins during the first day after poisoning. Thanks to this antidote, blindness of the patient can be avoided.

Hepatoprotectors for poisoning

Justified and the adoption of hepatoprotectors to maintain the liver. Essentiale forte is the most common of this group of drugs. In case of a problem with low-quality alcohol, 2-3 capsules are prescribed three times a day. The course lasts approximately a couple of weeks.

conclusions

First aid for alcohol poisoning is provided quickly and as efficiently as possible. We should not forget about calling the medical team, because only they can cope with the consequences of intoxication and poisoning. It is necessary to act at the first sign of intoxication, this will avoid negative consequences.

Alcohol is a poison to the human body that can have harmful, painful and in some cases even fatal effects. The term "alcohol intoxication" is appropriate when the per mille of alcohol in the blood significantly exceeds 0.4.

Symptoms of alcohol intoxication

If the amount of alcohol in the blood fluctuates around 1.5 ppm, then this condition is called the initial stage of alcohol intoxication. This stage is fraught with pain. When the ppm indicators reach 2-3, the middle stage of alcohol intoxication sets in, and all values \u200b\u200bhigher than the indicated figures indicate a severe stage of the condition in question.

Naturally, it is impossible to accurately determine ppm at home, therefore, the presence / absence of certain symptoms is used to differentiate the stages of alcohol intoxication. For the first and second (mild and medium) stages of alcohol intoxication, the following signs will be characteristic:

The above symptoms correspond to the first and second stages of alcohol intoxication, harm to the body will be done, but still fixable. The second stage of the condition under consideration may end with alcoholic anesthesia or go into the third (severe) stage, which has some characteristic features. For the third stage of alcohol intoxication, the following will be characteristic:

complete loss of control over your body - both walking and just sitting are quite difficult;
cold and sticky skin;
lack of intelligible speech.

Important! The onset of the third stage of alcohol intoxication is fraught with serious consequences, including alcoholic coma and death. The first two stages of the phenomenon under consideration can be completely compensated for at home, but if a person has symptoms of severe intoxication, then an ambulance team should be called. Before the doctor arrives, a sick person should be wrapped in a blanket, and if he is conscious, then make him vomit.

How to remove alcohol intoxication

It is worth knowing that there are a number of measures that will prevent alcohol intoxication. If a feast is planned, then in order to avoid the development of the condition in question, it is necessary to prepare the body:

immediately before the feast, take a few tablets of activated charcoal (3-5) and continue to take them as they are consumed alcoholic beverages(for example, every hour and a half, 2-3 tablets);
before the start of the holiday, eat a plate of thick porridge from any cereal;
Drink a glass of whole milk before drinking alcohol.

These methods will not save the body from the negative effects of alcohol, but minimize the consequences.

To reduce the effects of alcohol intoxication of the first and second stages, doctors recommend drinking a lot of water, but you should not get carried away with brine - it contains an acid that creates only short-term compounds with ethanol, which automatically complicates the removal of toxins from the body. A great way to quickly restore health after drinking alcohol is to drink, which not only neutralizes the effects of acetaldehyde, but also has an analgesic effect.

Note:vomiting with alcohol intoxication is great! In no case should you restrain the urge to vomit, since it is in this way that the stomach is freed from excess alcohol, which will invariably lead to relief from alcohol intoxication.

In the first and second stages, vomiting and subsequent sleep will be the best method of dealing with alcohol intoxication. But if in the second stage of the state under consideration a person fell into alcoholic anesthesia, then in no case should you induce vomiting! It is necessary to constantly be near a sick person in order to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract during involuntary vomiting.

If alcohol intoxication occurs in a mild or moderate stage, then you can independently force the natural processes of removing alcohol from the body:

Take a moderate contrast shower - the water should be cool, but not icy. The procedure is carried out within 5-10 minutes, but if the condition does not allow you to take such a shower, then you need to at least rub the body with a damp towel.
Take painkillers to relieve headaches, but in their composition should not have paracetamol.
Not later than 2 hours after the onset of symptoms of alcohol intoxication, take Filtrum or Polysorb - enterosorbents will reduce the negative effect of alcohol on the body, will contribute to the speedy removal of toxins from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
After getting rid of the acute symptoms of alcohol intoxication, it will be useful to consume chicken or beef broth.
To sleep peacefully, you can take or motherwort tablets.

Treatment of alcohol intoxication

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Treatment will be needed in the severe stage of alcohol intoxication and, first of all, it will be necessary to prevent further absorption of alcohol into the blood. For this purpose, a person with severe alcohol intoxication is given 10 tablets to drink, and then gastric lavage is performed. Such a procedure can be carried out by introducing a large amount of warm water into the patient's stomach, after which a gag reflex is caused by mechanical irritation of the root of the tongue. At the same time, doctors take measures to prevent the development of collapse, for which intramuscular injections of cordiamine or caffeine are taken.

Most effective tool treatment of severe alcohol intoxication is a method of rapid sobering up. First, vitamin B6 is injected intramuscularly into the patient, and literally after 5-10 minutes he begins to think much better, there comes a kind of enlightenment of the mind. At this point, the patient is given a drink "cocktail" of corazol, phenamine and nicotinic acid, diluted in 100 ml of warm water. After 10-20 minutes, the patient's condition returns to normal, thinking is actively cleared up, behavior is within the normal range, and emotional retardation disappears.

note: phenamine is not sold in pharmacies, so it is impossible to make such a cocktail at home. A similar method of rapid sobering is used only in medical institutions.

To lower the concentration of alcohol in the blood, doctors use:

1 ml of 1% solution of nicotinic acid;
20 ml of 40% glucose solution;
10 ml of 5% ascorbic acid solution.

Droppers for alcohol intoxication

If a person is diagnosed with a severe stage of alcohol intoxication, then irreparable harm can be done to his body. Doctors in this case must prescribe to the patient a dropper with a complex of drugs that can prevent the development of severe pathological processes against the background of alcohol poisoning.

Each of us has a certain experience of dealing with alcohol - it just so happened that we celebrate all significant events at a generously laid table with a drink. Little or a lot, but alcoholic beverages are always present in our lives. Relationships with alcohol will not cause trouble if you take into account your own capabilities and drink wisely. Without knowing the measure, you can seriously harm your health, especially since the question “what to do in case of alcohol poisoning?” many of us wonder after the poisoning has occurred. If a person has gone through strong drinks, you need to act immediately. Let's find out how to help a victim of alcohol poisoning at home.

Alcohol poisoning: when intoxication occurs

Drinking alcohol leads to intoxication - the nervous system at this time is in a special "floating" state from the psychoactive effects of ethanol. The good mood and feeling of euphoria that we look for at the bottom of a glass or shot glass are nothing more than the first signs of alcohol poisoning.

Even a few drops of alcohol affect the state of the body, and the more a person drinks, the more serious the consequences of intoxication will be. By the strength of the impact on nervous system alcoholic beverages are different. The most "harmless" is alcohol, in which the ethanol content is not more than 15%: champagne, vermouth, wine and beer. But such strong drinks as cognac, vodka, tequila, whiskey and gin, you can’t get too carried away. by the most strong alcohol recognized as absinthe.

Alcohol poisoning: stages

The defeat of the body by the components of alcohol occurs as follows: ethanol in the composition of the "laughing" drink enters the stomach and is soon absorbed by the mucous membranes, through which it enters the bloodstream. A certain portion of toxic substances will be neutralized by the liver, but the body will not be able to completely neutralize a large proportion of alcohol, then the unprocessed poison penetrates into the brain tissue. It is at this stage that irreversible changes occur in the structure of neurons and the functions of internal organs.

Intoxication as a result of alcohol consumption is classified into several stages. It is possible to accurately determine the degree of poisoning by laboratory testing by the number of ppm in the blood. How much a person has become intoxicated can also be understood by the corresponding symptoms of alcohol poisoning.

Mild alcohol poisoning

For the sake of a pleasant feeling of light intoxication alcoholic drink, in fact, and put on the table. A couple of glasses of wine - and emotional uplift, slight excitement, as well as unmotivated bliss are provided to you. In such a state, it is difficult to assess your real capabilities; rather, you want to overestimate them. However, in reality, the number of errors in the work of a person under the influence increases, and his mental and physical activity is noticeably reduced. A mild degree of alcohol poisoning can be identified by dilated pupils and a slightly reddened face. The drunk sweats more and feels the need to empty the bladder more often.

In addition, a drunk person begins to raise his voice, all his statements become more categorical and uncompromising. He has difficulty expressing his thoughts coherently and concentrating. Sweeping movements, “floating” facial expressions, loss of control over hidden personality traits are also considered symptoms of a mild degree of intoxication. Usually a person comes to his senses quite quickly and easily.

The average degree of alcohol poisoning

Signs of moderate alcohol intoxication cause more serious concerns: a person’s coordination of movements is disturbed, he “throws” from side to side, double vision and speech intelligibility is lost. In this state, the drunk is not responsible for his words and deeds. In general, the behavior of a drunk person is determined by the warehouse of his character - alcohol can cause excessive boastfulness, bravado, vulnerability, resentment, scandalousness or aggression. Sobering brings general weakness, excruciating headaches, intense thirst, nausea and vomiting.

Severe degree of alcohol poisoning

When the condition of a drunk person worsens, his statements become illegible and meaningless, and he himself ceases to understand anything. A reddened face, skin hot to the touch and low pain sensitivity complete the overall picture of severe intoxication of the body. While intoxicated, a person can be seriously injured and not feel it.

A severe degree of alcohol intoxication is characterized by dire consequences: it is difficult for a heavily intoxicated person to breathe, he may experience cardiac arrest. When a portion of alcohol enters the body, which, translated into pure alcohol equals 300 - 400 g, acute alcohol poisoning occurs. This condition is extremely dangerous, its main symptoms are as follows:

convulsions;
respiratory failure;
copious saliva;
redness of the whites of the eyes.

A person with acute alcohol intoxication needs emergency medical attention.

Alcoholic coma

A severe degree of alcohol poisoning can be complicated by the stage at which the intoxicated person falls into a coma. A coma is a kind of stunning of the body, which occurs when ethanol in the blood rises to 3%. The main symptom of an approaching danger is a deep fainting. In some cases, the behavior of the victim is characterized by slight motor excitation. An indicator of a deterioration in the well-being of a person who has gone through alcohol is his eyes:

There is no reaction of the pupils to light, the corneal reflex does not work (the eyelids do not close if you gently touch the cornea).
There is nystagmus (the movement of the eyeballs on the principle of a pendulum).
Constriction of the pupils can also indicate the approach of an alcoholic coma. In some cases, the pupils either constrict or dilate. Sometimes you can observe a picture when at the same moment the pupils of the left and right eyes have a different size.

On the basis of tongue retraction, penetration of vomit into the respiratory tract, excessive secretion of saliva and sputum, the victim has breathing problems: a person breathes unevenly and intermittently, sometimes wheezing, while his face becomes bluish. Blood pressure in alcoholic coma is reduced, and the pulse is weak and thready. In this condition, involuntary excretion of urine and feces is often observed.

Substitute alcohol poisoning

Not only large doses of alcohol lead to poisoning, but also low-quality alcohol or its surrogates. Alcoholic surrogates are liquids that are not intended for internal consumption, but are often used instead of alcoholic beverages (due to their lower cost). Drinking medical tinctures, colognes, lotions, denatured alcohol, moonshine, home brew, "talk" and other dangerous liquids always ends in failure. Symptoms of intoxication in this case will be somewhat different than with classic alcohol poisoning.

After taking a surrogate, a person practically does not get drunk, but if you know the symptoms of poisoning, you can notice them immediately:

noise in ears;
impaired vision and smell;
increased salivation;
abdominal pain.

If you do not help a person in time, he may die. Treatment for poisoning with surrogate alcohol is not carried out at home - as soon as there are suspicions of intoxication, you should immediately call an ambulance. If it is possible to deliver the victim to the hospital faster than the ambulance arrives, it is worth doing just that. The sooner qualified doctors take care of the patient, the more chances he has to survive.

First aid for alcohol poisoning

Without resorting to the services of doctors, you can independently cope with mild and moderate poisoning. There are a number of measures that will help bring the injured person to his senses: rid his body of ethanol residues and neutralize decay products.

Gastric lavage for alcohol poisoning

No medications can be taken, since many drugs in combination with alcohol create an "explosive" mixture, which will only worsen the victim's condition.

Give an intoxicated person a drink of water in a volume of 300 - 500 ml. This is necessary in order to induce vomiting and thus rid the stomach of the contents. In most cases, you don’t even have to press on the root of the tongue with your fingers - vomiting opens on its own, as the body tries to expel on its own what is poisoning it. It will be necessary to provoke vomiting until clean water begins to come out of the stomach.

Important! You can not forcibly pour water and induce vomiting if a person has lost consciousness. Instead, it is better to wait for the ambulance to arrive. At this time, the patient must be turned over on his side, freed from tight clothing and try to bring him out of fainting: intensively massage his ears, sprinkle with water, bring ammonia to his nose.

In the case when indomitable vomiting persists even after the absolute emptying of the stomach, the following techniques will help to cope with its urge:

hold your head under a stream of cold water or apply ice to the back of the head;
take an anti-vomiting drug (such as metoclopramide). If this does not have any effect, and the vomit is replaced by blood or bile, the victim should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

Restore fluid balance in the body in case of alcohol poisoning

The next step in helping with alcohol poisoning is to eliminate the lack of fluid in the body. On the basis of intoxication, the process of dehydration develops: ethanol causes a diuretic effect, and the liquid is excreted from the body with urine, as well as vomit. In especially severe cases, dehydration threatens a person's life. Give the victim any liquid to drink. Best fit mineral water or pure water with the addition of lemon juice. If a person is tormented by vomiting, pharmacy saline solutions such as Regidron and Hydrovit will help restore the balance of moisture in the body.

Such a remedy can also be prepared at home: in 1 liter of water at room temperature, 1 tsp should be dissolved. salt and soda, and then add 4 tbsp. l. Sahara. The victim should take a healing solution of 2 - 3 sips every 30 minutes.

Treatment with sorbents and beneficial bacteria for alcohol poisoning

Help with alcohol poisoning at home is unthinkable without the use of sorbents. Medicines Polysorb (1 tablespoon per 0.5 tablespoon of water), Smekta (one-time 3 sachets per 1 tablespoon of water), Enterosgel (50 g per 1 tablespoon of water) will significantly improve the condition of a person suffering from alcohol intoxication. By the way, activated charcoal in case of alcohol poisoning is considered by many to be almost the only way to eliminate poor health. In fact, the sorption capabilities of the drug are not very large, but because of the reasonable price, they continue to take it “for good measure”: 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight, washed down with water. The drugs described above are needed to remove toxic decay products from the body and reduce diarrhea. Medicines in this group are not taken together with other medicines, so an interval of about 2 hours should be maintained.

If severe diarrhea has appeared on the basis of poisoning, it is imperative to restore the intestinal microflora. Special complexes of beneficial bacteria Acipol, Yogurt, Lineks will help to solve this issue.

Important! Diarrhea in case of alcohol poisoning cannot be purposefully eliminated - this is another protective reaction in addition to vomiting, with the help of which the body gets rid of toxic substances.

Eliminate the pain of alcohol poisoning

A headache with alcohol poisoning of moderate severity sometimes drives you crazy. It is impossible to endure painful sensations - the pain syndrome must be blocked. Aspirin is not suitable for this purpose, since acetylsalicylic acid in combination with ethanol will not bring any benefit to the body. Then what to drink with alcohol poisoning? The best way to get rid of pain is with the help of analgesic drugs based on ibuprofen.

How not to treat alcohol poisoning

In an attempt to alleviate the condition of a person with alcohol poisoning, it is strictly prohibited:

resort to a dubious hangover method (treat a hangover with a new portion of alcohol);
take a hot bath or go to the bath;
drink "inappropriate" pills - Furosemide, Paracetamol, Analgin, sleeping pills and antiallergic drugs;
take medication to relieve diarrhea.

Folk remedies for alcohol poisoning

The people have come up with many ways to defeat a hangover and alcohol poisoning without pills:

Dilute in 1 liter of boiled water 2 tbsp. l. honey and take several sips throughout the day.
Prepare a decoction of tansy - a wonderful remedy for poisoning of any kind. Take 50 g of dried raw materials and brew it with boiling water (0.5 l), then add 20 g of chamomile flowers there. The cooled and filtered remedy should be taken with meals at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 10 kg of body weight.
After violent libations, a solution of ammonia will quickly bring to life, in everyday life - ammonia. Dissolve 10 drops in a glass of water. You need to take the medicine for 1 - 2 small sips every 30 minutes.
If you are tormented by nausea, you can save yourself with a decoction of lemon balm. 1 tsp dried and crushed raw materials pour 250 ml of boiling water, let it brew a little, and then drink healthy drink instead of tea. For taste, you can add a little honey and a slice of lemon to the product.
The fastest way to get rid of toxic toxins is to drink lemon, orange or grapefruit juice throughout the day.

The next morning after a party where there was a lot of drinking, you need to allow yourself to rest. Alcohol poisoning cannot be carried on the feet. It is best to take a cool shower, do not eat through force, drink plenty of plain water. If there is a feeling of general malaise, one should go to bed and not get up until the weakness has gone. If after 10 hours the state of health does not return to normal, you need to see a doctor.

The cause of alcohol poisoning is an excessive amount of a drunk drink or the use of a surrogate with substances that are not suitable for internal use. Mild intoxication can be treated at home without the involvement of doctors. A severe form threatens with kidney and liver failure, pulmonary edema, alcoholic coma, respiratory arrest - delay will lead to death, so urgent hospitalization of the patient is needed.

Symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Alcohol is food and technical. The first is used to create strong drinks - wine, vodka, gin, beer, etc. In moderate doses, it causes intoxication, and is relatively safe in the absence of regular use. Poisoning occurs when the norm is exceeded, depending on the age, gender, weight, general well-being of a person.

The industrial product is toxic, prohibited for ingestion in any quantities. But unscrupulous manufacturers methanol and ethylene glycol are used, as it is cheaper than ethyl alcohol. Alcoholics use alcohol-containing cosmetic and technical preparations, to which they have free access. The most severe cases of intoxication are associated with children who, out of curiosity, try poisonous drugs left by carelessness of their parents.

Food poisoning and industrial alcohol poisoning have a similar clinical picture. But in the latter case, the symptoms will be more severe, the disruption of the internal organs occurs faster. This is due to the fact that the oxidation of surrogates is 5 times slower, the body cannot quickly and safely process the product. As a result, intoxication occurs:

Light poisoning. Symptoms are similar to pronounced intoxication. The most characteristic symptoms are nausea and vomiting. The person remains conscious.
Moderate intoxication. There are symptoms of selective psychotropic, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, metabolic disorders.
Severe poisoning. It is characterized by the development of hepatic-renal failure, CNS damage with cerebral edema and metabolic acidosis.

Alcohol poisoning can only occur with absorption into the blood (this is how the product is distributed throughout the body). But it is worse if intoxication is accompanied by a burn of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach (occurs with an increased concentration of alkali and acid in the product taken). This accelerates the penetration of toxic substances into the blood, violates the integrity of internal organs, leads to internal bleeding, tissue death.

Ethyl alcohol poisoning

Ethanol (ethyl or wine alcohol, methylcarbinol) is the active ingredient in all alcoholic beverages. In its pure form, it is forbidden to use inside (in vodka and gin - no more than 45% C2H6O). The lethal concentration of alcohol in the blood for an adult male is 5-8 g / l. A single dose leading to severe intoxication is 12 g / kg (this is about 300 ml of 90% ethanol), but in people with chronic alcoholism, tolerance to the substance is slightly higher. For children, a dose of 10–15 ml of 90% alcohol is fatal in most cases.

In first-degree poisoning, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are noted. In the second degree, signs of the neurotoxic effect of alcohol are added (a person sees poorly, “flies” fly before his eyes, hears ringing in his ears, does not feel touch). A severe form of intoxication is associated with CNS depression. The danger of a deep alcoholic coma is high - sensitivity is completely lost, falls arterial pressure, the heart rate slows down, the temperature becomes critically low, and breathing is depressed.

Methyl alcohol poisoning

Methanol (aka methyl or wood alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. It is used as a solvent in the paint and varnish industry, added to the fuel for refueling racing motorcycles and cars. Causes mild intoxication when consumed in 6 ml, medium - 8–20 ml. The lethal dosage for an adult healthy man is 20–60 ml.

When using small doses (less than 5 ml), headaches, general weakness, chills, nausea, and vomiting occur. When drinking more, the mucous membranes turn purple, the tongue swells, convulsions begin, uncontrolled defecation and urination, and the pulse quickens. If you manage to pump out a person after severe poisoning, with a high probability he will remain blind.

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Glycol (aka ethylene glycol) is a clear oily liquid with pungent odor. It is used as a component of automotive antifreezes, brake fluids, cooling systems for technical devices. It is not used in the food industry.

According to the degree of impact on humans, it belongs to substances of the 3rd hazard class. The lethal amount of this type of alcohol for a single use by an adult is 150-300 ml; a teenager - 50-100 ml, even a dose of 10 ml can kill a child.

The peculiarity of ethylene glycol is that the symptoms of poisoning do not occur immediately, which prompts a person to drink even more surrogate in pursuit of a feeling of intoxication. On average, alcohol becomes bad after 2-4 hours. Vomiting, abdominal pain, tremor of the extremities, convulsions, heartbeat accelerates, the temperature rises. In severe cases, toxic shock and alcoholic coma occur.

How to give first aid

The treatment process includes three main actions: the removal of alcohol residues that have not had time to be absorbed into the blood, the absorption of toxins, and symptomatic relief. If we are talking about mild poisoning, the person is conscious and the symptoms of intoxication do not increase, you can do without doctors. Scheme of mandatory emergency actions:

Carry out a gastric lavage (give plenty of fluids, induce vomiting). It is impossible to remove vomit during convulsions (blockage of the trachea will lead to asphyxia).
Give activated charcoal in powder form. Enough 750 mg of sorbent (if vomited - repeat the reception). After 5 hours, take another 250 mg.
Drink funds that will help remove toxins from the urine and feces (Furosemide, Lasix, Diusemide, Bisacodyl, Regulax).

Symptomatic medical care involves supporting the body until the concentration of the poison drops to safe levels and the functioning of the internal organs is restored. Drugs are selected depending on how the poisoning manifests itself. For example, Cerucal is suitable for nausea and vomiting, Aspirin is suitable for toxic hyperthermia. Thiamine, ATP, ascorbic acid help to recover faster.

Attention: it is strictly forbidden to self-medicate with signs of moderate and severe poisoning. If the body temperature rises above 37.5 degrees, convulsions occur, the person loses consciousness, the pressure rises or falls sharply - this is a reason to immediately call an ambulance.

Possible consequences

In case of poisoning with high doses or low-quality surrogate, only timely assistance will save life. If measures are not taken, then death from internal bleeding, respiratory arrest, cerebral edema is possible. Even if it is possible to pump out a person, he will have to face the severe consequences of alcohol exposure. Complications such as brain dysfunction due to hypoxia, chronic hypotension, kidney and liver failure, visual impairment or total blindness are common.

Maintenance therapy after treatment of acute poisoning reduces the likelihood of disability, but does not completely eliminate it. Therefore, you should not take risks - you need to drink within your norm and only proven high-quality drinks. If there is a suspicion of a surrogate, its use must be completely abandoned.

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