Chewing gum has long been an integral part of human life. Do not forget about it and television advertising, which is happy to remind you that chewing gum reduces the risk of caries. What other "abilities" does chewing gum have, let's try to figure it out in this article.
The history of chewing gum goes back to ancient Greece, when the Greeks liked to chew the resin of the Mastic tree, which grows in Greece and Turkey. Even then they realized that mastic, as they called chewing gum, cleans teeth and freshens breath. The Mayan Indians also loved to chew the frozen sap of trees, 1000 years ago they used the juice of the Sapodilla tree, and the Indians of Latin America chewed the frozen sap of coniferous trees. Later, white settlers adopted this habit from the natives, but improved chewing gum by mixing the resin of coniferous trees with beeswax. As for the first commercial chewing gum, it appeared on the market in 1848 with the light hand of John B. Curitis in Maine.
Today, the chewing gum industry is one of the most profitable, because most people subconsciously absorb advertising slogans that chewing gum is tasty, healthy and fashionable. At the same time, few people care about its effect on the body, and meanwhile, for many, chewing gum has become a habit. Manufacturers offer us a huge selection of chewing gums in bright colored packages, and we, tempted by quick and easy oral care, are ready to use chewing gum, generously sharing it with our children.
Nowadays, they have already begun to talk a lot about the harm that chewing gum can cause to human health, the topic of the correct use of chewing gum has become relevant and interesting for research by scientists. Some countries consider the general infatuation of the population with chewing gum as a social problem, because people do not take into account either the place or the time, they chew it during a conversation, at lectures at the university, neglecting established ethical standards. At the same time, doctors are sounding the alarm, revealing the negative consequences of the addiction to frequent use of chewing gum. It turns out that there are chewing gums that are especially dangerous for our health, and especially for the health of children. This is explained by the fact that they contain chemical elements whose properties are unknown to most people. Infectious advertising says that chewing gum will help improve tooth enamel, restore acid-base balance, eliminate tartar and more. But why do people who often use chewing gum develop diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, mechanical damage to tooth enamel occurs, or fillings fall out? Not a single ad will tell you about this!
The chemical composition of chewing gum
Since the beginning of the history of chewing gum, its chemical composition has changed repeatedly, until manufacturers found the “ideal formula”, the essence of which is that the gum base is 20% chewing gum, and 60% sugar. Another 5% are additives that give taste, color and smell. Most of these ingredients are trade secrets, as are the components of each individual aroma and flavor. It turns out that we are in the dark about what we use ourselves and offer to children?
Gum rubber base
The main highlight of chewing gum is its rubber base. Initially, it was assumed that such a base should consist of the sap of rubber trees, which, in the process of acid treatment or evaporation, becomes a soft and elastic mass. But think, can there be enough trees on earth to satisfy mass production? Manufacturers found a way out of the shortage of rubber tree sap and began to replace it with a synthetic base.
There are children's chewing gums, and their purpose, it would seem, should reduce the risk of negative effects on the body. But data from the Testing Center for Polymer Shoes, Medical and Latex Products in Russia showed that children's chewing gums are the most dangerous. The “harmfulness” of gum can even be determined by taste - it is tougher, loses its taste faster and soon begins to taste bitter. Styrene-butadiene rubber, which makes up its rubber base, gives such properties to the gum. As a rule, this component is used by manufacturers from the "third world", but it happens that developed countries also save money with its help.
Some countries have banned the use of styrene-butadiene rubber, as studies have shown that the styrene it releases irritates mucous membranes, causes headaches, and negatively affects the nervous system.
Gum base gum manufacturers are most often the same companies that supply rubber, as well as enterprises that buy rubber and sell gum base, or large chewing gum companies. In order for the chewing and mechanical properties of the chewing gum to meet the needs of consumers, special additives are needed that maintain elasticity. As such, glycerin or emulsifiers of natural origin are used (lecithin, gums, antioxidants can be added).
Nutritional supplements
Today, many people already know about the negative impact on the body of taste stimulants, so popular with food manufacturers. If we talk about the most expensive varieties of chewing gum, they are distinguished by a rich taste and aroma, which means that they contain a whole range of food additives.
Yes, we all want the taste of chewing gum to last as long as possible, such chewing gum is most loved by the people. But, as mentioned above, flavor fixatives are a trade secret known only to manufacturers. Experts have found that the taste of chewing gum with sugar substitute lasts longer than with natural sugar.
The most popular chewing gum flavor is, of course, menthol. Let's see what menthol gum is. Menthol has four stereoisomers, each of which has the "-", "+" and "+/-" forms. The main difference between stereoisomers is taste and smell. The most intense menthol or cooling flavor is (-) menthol, which makes up 80% of peppermint essential oil. But modern technology has also developed synthetic menthol, which is often used in production. Although today there are research data that are encouraging that, nevertheless, the predominant part of menthol is obtained from peppermint oil. In this case, the oil goes through the stage of cooling and subsequent centrifugation of the crystals.
Modern chewing gum uses a huge variety of fruit flavors, the main components of which are recognizable and well-known. But the consumer demands taste, smell and color completely identical to natural or even exceeding it. For this purpose, many chewing gums have to be tinted. Agree, gray-white chewing gum cannot smell like strawberries. All gum dyes must be officially approved by the International Quality Standard and be included in the list of tested and harmless substances. Such a list exists, in addition, it is constantly supplemented and rechecked, components that have shown themselves negatively can be excluded from it. This happened with monoazonaphthalene, a naphthalene red dye known under the code E-123. It turns out that it was taken out of use due to the discovery of its mutagenic activity. But how long has it been used in chewing gum!
Chewing gum and human health
What happens to our body when we abuse chewing gum? If we take the microbiological side, then the high sugar content makes chewing gum absolutely harmless, bacteria simply do not survive at such a concentration. But there is also excessive calorie content, impaired metabolism and dental disease - a set that causes the systematic use of chewing gum.
The largest accumulation of microbes on the human body is the oral cavity. It is microbes that secrete a huge amount of acids that destroy teeth. The “correct” chewing gum should neutralize the acid; for this, urea is added to it. When buying chewing gum, pay attention to the presence of sugar or a sweetener in it. If glucose is included in the composition, then all dysbacterial properties are canceled, because glucose itself contributes to the spread of bacteria.
Despite the fact that the main purpose of chewing gum is to protect teeth, many of the varieties themselves are the cause of diseases of the oral cavity. If you carefully study the composition of the chewing gum, you will see that its main components are glycerin (E-422 stabilizer), gum arabic (E-414 thickener), butylhydrooxinazole (E-320 antioxidant), lecithins and phosphatides (E-322 emulsifier). Glycerin, being absorbed into the blood in large quantities, exhibits toxic properties, which can result in such blood diseases as hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and even methemoglobin kidney infarcts. The concentration of butylhydrooxinazole increases the level of cholesterol in the blood, and lecithin promotes strong salivation with subsequent disorders of the digestive system. The composition of saliva also undergoes serious changes with constant chewing of gum, which threatens the development of caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis, etc.
Those who are familiar with Pavlov's reflex laws understand that with prolonged chewing, the work of the secretory apparatus of the digestive system begins, that is, the salivary glands begin to produce saliva when food enters the stomach, more gastric juice is released, bile is collected in the gallbladder, that is, the entire digestive the system is preparing for food processing. And there is no food! At the same time, saliva cannot be neutralized anywhere, and gastric juice too. Such stagnations lead to the formation of gallstones, gastritis, duodenitis, cholecystitis and pathology of the salivary glands.
Recall another effect of chewing gum - laxative. The fact is that most chewing gum contains sorbitol - a sugar substitute. This component belongs to alcohols, polyols, known for both sweetness and laxative properties. Of course, someone can say that to achieve this effect, you need to chew 30–40 g of gum, but life shows that 10 g is enough. Another component, xylitol, enhances the laxative effect. On the one hand, it is useful for teeth, but on the other hand, it also represents a group of polyols and also effectively weakens. The conclusion is that all anti-caries chewing gums can cause diarrhea.
Note that the weight of one pack of gum is 13-15 g, which means that it can contain 8-10 g of laxative-sweet alcohols. Of course, it cannot be argued that chewing gum is a good laxative. After all, alcohols, polyols, work as osmotic agents, that is, they retain part of the fluid in the large intestine. This leads to spasms and flatulence. And for people already suffering from gastroduodenitis, colitis, chewing gum is generally contraindicated. Chewing gum on an empty stomach is especially harmful.
Another detrimental effect of gum is the development of psychological dependence. For many “fresh breath” lovers, chewing gum has become a real salvation, because it quickly and easily helps to gain confidence in the absence of bad breath after eating. But surveys conducted in most countries have shown that most people have a worse attitude towards people who constantly chew gum, for some people who constantly chew are generally disgusted.
It is extremely harmful to chew gum and puff on a cigarette at the same time, since chewing gum has the ability to absorb carcinogens, which, along with saliva, enter the stomach.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have concluded that cigarette-shaped chewing gum develops the habit of smoking in children. Such chewing gum is liked by many children, as they have a feeling of being involved in adult life. And if a child often uses chewing gums that completely imitate the design of cigarettes, then his chances of becoming a heavy smoker increase greatly. Today in the UK, Canada and Australia, such chewing "cigarettes" are already banned, but in the US they are sold next to regular chewing gum and even their packaging is completely identical to that of cigarettes.
Indications for chewing gum
So is it really necessary to say goodbye to chewing gum, the regular use of which can lead to dangerous diseases that require complex treatment?
By no means, no. In fact, chewing gum can do us a favor, because it promotes the secretion of gastric juice, and also improves digestion, removes food debris from the surface of tooth enamel. But all this applies only to the first 5–10 minutes. after meal.
Millions are spent annually on advertising companies for chewing gum. Each manufacturer tries to present their products in the most noble way, without any concern for the consequences for the end consumer. Is it true that such a popular remedy for healthy teeth and a snow-white smile actually adversely affects our health? What is the harm of chewing gum, how to protect yourself without giving up the usual "delicacy".
Composition of chewing gum
The chewing gum is based on rubber - a complex of polymeric compounds that do not split in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva. In fact, we are chewing on an elastic piece of plastic, well seasoned with all sorts of flavors. In order for chewing gum to have a taste and aroma, preservatives, flavorings and sugar or its substitutes are used. Each of these ingredients negatively affects the body in its own way, causing various health problems:
- Sugar creates a favorable environment in the oral cavity for the reproduction of pathogenic microflora that affects tooth enamel.
- Sorbitol and xylitol are used as substitutes for the sweet base. These ingredients can cause stomach pain, bloating and diarrhea.
- At the heart of flavorings, substances that corrode the delicate mucous membrane are most often used. This leads to the appearance of ulcers in the oral cavity.
- Special oils are added to chewing gums, from which large bubbles are inflated. When it comes into contact with the skin in the mouth, they provoke the development of perioral dermatitis.
- E140 and E321 (dyes and antioxidants) often cause allergic skin reactions. The most common of these is hives.
Some manufacturers use licorice extract in their chewing gums. With regular intake, it can increase blood pressure and reduce the concentration of potassium in the blood.
This is not the whole list of dangerous ingredients used in the production of chewing gums. And how harmful chewing gum will depend on the periodic table, stuffed into the composition of a popular delicacy.
Why chewing gum is harmful: 10 basic facts
Information about the benefits of chewing gum is extremely unreliable, and the results of medical research in the frame are nothing more than a marketing ploy. And if you often chew gum, no dentist will save your teeth. And the problems of the oral cavity are not the only thing that can threaten lovers for a long time to process a piece of fragrant polymer.
The chemical composition of chewing gum, its effect on the human body
Serpukhov,
school №2, grade 11
Scientific adviser: Belousova Marina Alexandrovna,
chemistry teacher of school №2
Serpukhov,
Introduction.
1. Theoretical part.
1.1. History of chewing gum.
1.2. The chemical composition of chewing gum.
1.3. The effect of chewing gum on the human body.
2.Practical part.
2.1. Determination of polyhydric alcohols.
2.2. Properties of gum base.
2.3. Detection of the phenylalanine residue in aspartame.
2.4. Properties of menthol (solubility in alcohols).
2.5. Properties of dyes included in chewing gum (E-133).
Conclusion.
1) On the theoretical part.
2) On the practical side.
Used Books.
Glossary of terms.
Introduction.
The question of the benefits and proper use of chewing gum remains open. The population does not have a real understanding of the rules for their use, the real benefits of their use and, which is very important, the possible negative consequences of their use.
The development of chemistry, the emergence of new technologies, new knowledge about oral hygiene and the acid-base processes occurring in it, prompted chewing gum manufacturers to look for more and more new forms, ingredients, proportions and compositions.
Research shows that chewing gum is good for both oral hygiene and gum health. It is today that there is a tendency to use chewing gum as a universal protective agent.
Relevance: Sociological studies have shown that every third Russian has tried chewing gum at least once in his life. Many people have a destructive passion for her. Consumers of chewing gum do not think about whether it is safe to chew at all. Currently, scientists are divided, identifying the pros and cons of chewing gum. Advertising attributes miraculous properties to chewing gum: improving tooth enamel, restoring acid-base balance, and so on. And competent therapists, on the contrary, warn against the thoughtless use of chewing gum. Psychologists state: the ever-chewing one has a painful addiction and a declining level of intelligence
Subject of this study is the chemical composition of chewing gum.
^ Purpose: to prove the detrimental effect of chewing gum on the human body.
This goal defines the following range of tasks:
To study the history of human chewing gum use.
To study at a theoretical level the effect of the chemical composition of chewing gum on the human body.
Prove empirically the presence in chewing gum of such substances as: phenylalanine, xylitol, mannitol, menthol, dye (E-133 - brilliant blue).
1.Theoretical part.
1.1. History of chewing gum.
It is known from the history of mankind that people have always chewed something. Swedish archaeologists have found a piece of chewing gum with teeth marks that is at least 10,000 years old. It is known that the ancient Greeks "freshened their breath" and "cleaned their teeth" with the help of tree resin. They chewed the resin of the mastic tree, which grows in Turkey and Greece, and named their chewing gum mastic. Mastic rubber is still used in the Middle East and Greece. Eskimos chewed leather, Stone Age people chewed clay and grass. The ancient Germanic tribes used wool soaked in honey as chewing gum, the British - the sap of the oil tree, the ancient chewing gum was also prepared from pine resin and beeswax.
The Indians chewed the hardened sap of the trees. Over 1000 years ago in Central America, the Maya chewed "chicle", which is the sap of the sapodilla tree. Years later, this same juice formed the basis for the creation of the chewing gum industry (Chickle - 1) chicle, rubber, 2) chewing gum). On the South American continent, the Indians chewed the juice of coniferous trees. The white settlers learned this habit and began to collect the stagnant juice for chewing. They made their own domestically produced chewing gum from pine resin and beeswax.
After the discovery of America by Columbus, along with tobacco, the prototypes of modern chewing gums also came to Europe. However, Europeans could not appreciate all the advantages of constant chewing.
But the first commercial chewing gum was made in 1848 by John B. Curtis and his brother in Maine. Like many new products, sales were very small at first. In those days, one penny could buy two chewing gums. Having achieved some success in their activities, they moved from Bangor, Maine to Portland, Maine in 1850 and began to add paraffin to their products. Some of these paraffin flavors were "White Mountain", "Biggest and Best", "Four in One", "Sugar Cream" and "Lucorice Lulu". Production gradually expanded, and soon the chewing gum staff numbered 200 employees, however, these chewing gums were losing their popularity, partly due to impurities (contaminants) that were difficult to remove from the resin.
The first patent for the production of chewing gum was received on December 28, 1869 by the American William Finley Semple. In the patent (number 98.304) it was written: "the combination of rubber with other components in any proportion to create an acceptable chewing gum." However, in the end, Semple himself did not produce anything chewable.
Probably, children and adults would have been left without rubber plates and pads that are familiar today, if it were not for ... the ex-president of Mexico, General Antonio Lopez Santa Anna, who was very fond of chewing rubber. The photographer and part-time inventor Thomas Adams from New York State drew attention to such a strange feature of the general. In his own kitchen, Adams welded a small piece of rubber - the prototype of the modern "gum". He put a trial batch of his new product in several local stores to see if people would buy it. People liked his gum, and soon his business became very successful. A little later, he added licorice flavor to the gum. This is how the first flavored chewing gum called Black Jack appeared, chewing gum changed its shape and turned into an oblong stick from shapeless pieces. (Black Jack was produced until the 70s of the XX century, until it was discontinued due to low sales).
But in 1986, Black Jack received a rebirth, along with clove-flavored gum, when Warner Lambert (Adams' successor) launched the Nostalgia Gums program. In 1871, Adams patented a gum-making machine.
John Colgan, an apothecary in Louisville, Kentucky, is generally credited with improving flavored gum. In 1880, he added flavor to the sugar before the sugar was added to the gum mass. This contributed to the fact that the aroma and taste of the chewing gum remained for a long time.
Adams continued to have success with Tutti-Frutti gum. It was the first chewing gum sold from vending machines. For the first time these machines were delivered in New York in 1888 on the platform of El station.
Speaking about the history of chewing gum, one cannot but mention the emergence of the Wrigley company, which became a significant figure in the market at the end of the 19th century. The young William Wrigley was involved in the family business from a young age. William Wrigley - his father was engaged in the production of soap, and his father's son was a sales agent. The legendary history of this transnational corporation dates back to 1891, when William Wrigley moved from Philadelphia to Chicago and opened his own business there. He began by retailing his father's soap. To attract buyers, he introduced bonuses - little things that the buyer receives for free. One of the awards was chewing gum - at that time there were at least a dozen companies in the United States that produced it. A highly successful soap salesman noticed that customers came to his store not so much for the soap as for the two sticks of chewing gum that came with the purchase. So from a seller of soap, Wrigley quickly retrained into a manufacturer of the famous chewing gums Lotta and Vassar. (From 1892, he began selling his own chewing gum under the trademark "Wrigley". The first varieties of it did not reach our days, but already in 1983 Juicy Fruit and Wrigley`s Spearmint appeared.)
At the dawn of the twentieth century, a large number of chewing gum manufacturers competed for the attention and reverence of consumers: Wrigley's Company sold Zeno chewing gums;
Beeman marketed pepsin chewing gum, which, believing in advertising, could relieve indigestion; Frank H. Flier's company sold candy-coated gum. Frank Canning designed and
Implemented the so-called. "Dental gum" - "Dentyne", i.e. protecting teeth.
A form of chewing gum was invented in 1906 by Frank H. Flier. But Blibber-Blubber gum was so sticky that it was inconvenient to sell it. Years later, in August 1928, Walter Diemer of Frank Flier's company came up with a successful formula. Diemer was not a chemist, doctor, or pharmacist, he was an accountant.
Diemer wanted to make his elastic more eye-catching, so he dyed it pink (because it was the only arm color in the company). In the future, various companies were engaged in the creation of chewing gum, but the shape of the chewing gum remained the same. 
Soon, sugar and various flavors were added to chewing gums. In 1939, the work of the American professor Hollingworth was born, in which it was convincingly proved that constant chewing relieves muscle tension and stress. Since then, chewing gum has become an indispensable component in the soldering of American soldiers.
^ 1.2. The chemical composition of chewing gum.
"Non-rubber" rubber.
The main component of chewing gum is the so-called gum base. However, this is not the kind of rubber used to make car tires or mouse pads. Ideally, the rubber base should be the sap of rubber trees, which, under the action of acid or digestion, turns into a soft, but rather elastic mass. However, enough trees have not yet grown to make it possible to use them in mass production. Therefore, synthetic rubber bases are used today. Chewing gum base - a substance that is not digested and intended only for chewing, is used in all types of chewing gum.
The gum base is not a nutrient. She is insoluble. Its composition is selected in such a way as to ensure the gradual release of flavors and sweeteners during chewing. For different types of chewing gum, a different composition of the base is selected, so that the product is soft or more elastic, so that bubbles can be blown out of it, etc. The rubber base has a special utility - it softens under the influence of temperature. That is why sticky chewing gum is easier to tear off by wetting the clothes with hot water or steaming it well.
As for children's chewing gums, according to the Testing Center for Polymer Shoes, Medical and Latex Products in Russia, it is believed that children's varieties, oddly enough, are dangerous to health. And this danger can be tasted - harmful chewing gum is tougher and quickly loses its taste, starting to taste bitter. It owes this taste to the styrene-butadiene rubber used as a rubber base. I usually use it in developing countries, but sometimes manufacturers in civilized countries also do not disdain them.
The Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Service has banned the import of chewing gum with a harmful rubber base into Russia. Prior to the ban, virtually any gum with liners was stuffed with cheap styrene-butadiene rubber. What is the danger of styrene butadiene rubber in chewing gum? The fact is that in the body it can break down, forming styrene. The substance is very aggressive. Perioral dermatitis is much easier to get from styrene than from normal rubber. In addition, styrene irritates any mucous membranes and causes headaches, and can negatively affect the nervous system. It is quite obvious that such an appendage to the insert and candy wrapper is clearly superfluous.
In Russia, the presence of styrene-butadiene rubber in food products is not allowed. Due to the fact that the released styrene irritates any mucous membranes and causes a headache, and in addition, it can negatively affect the nervous system.
In order to draw conclusions about how harmful styrene butadiene rubber is, it can be said that the issuance of a hygiene certificate was denied to most chewing gums for children. Despite the refusal of certification, it can be found on sale.
Typically, the gum base of chewing gum is produced either by the same companies that supply rubber, individual companies that buy rubber and sell the gum mass, or large chewing gum manufacturers. And to improve the chewing and mechanical properties, special additives are needed.
Emollients allow the elastic to retain elasticity for a long time. These are glycerin, as well as emulsifiers of natural origin: lecithin, gums (for example, gum arabic, the resin of some types of acacia). In addition, antioxidants are added to the gum. The content of antioxidants, according to the norms adopted by us, can be 750 mg/kg, but in practice it rarely reaches 200 mg/kg.
^ Food additives in chewing gum.
There are many food additives used everywhere in various branches of the food industry. These are dyes, flavors, emulsifiers, stabilizers and other necessary and unnecessary components.
The gum base makes up more than 20% of the total mass of chewing gum, but sugar is up to 60%. From a microbiological point of view, such a large amount of sugar makes chewing gum safe - bacteria do not live at such concentrations. But there are excess calories, metabolic disorders and dental diseases - which is facilitated by chewing gum, as, indeed, any candy. 
Other components of chewing gum are flavors, colors, flavors - together they make up about 5%. A significant amount of these substances is kept secret, as well as the component composition of each taste and aroma. And, as a rule, more expensive chewing gums have a rich taste, aroma and contain more complex compositions of additives. For the consumer, of course, it is important that the gum retains its taste for a long time. Gum flavor fixatives are one of the biggest trade secrets, but it has been observed that the flavor of chewing gum with sugar substitute lasts longer than gum with sugar.
The most famous of the chewing gum flavors is, of course, menthol (p-methane-3-ol). Menthol has four stereo isomers, each of which has (+), (-) and (+ -) forms. Stereoisomers differ from each other in smell and taste; (-) - menthol has a clean minty smell and a cooling taste to the greatest extent. It makes up 80% of peppermint essential oil. Methods for the synthetic production of menthol have been developed, and some of them are used in industry. But most of the menthol is obtained, apparently, still from the essential oil of peppermint. The oil is cooled and crystals are obtained by centrifugation
From the essential oils of cumin and dill, carvone is obtained - a substance with a caraway smell used in some varieties of chewing gum. It is rather difficult to list all flavors. Bubblegums usually contain fruit flavors: apple, orange, cherry, strawberry, melon, pineapple, lemon, lime, grapes. The main aromatic constituents of almost all fruits have now been isolated and characterized.
In order to make the taste and aroma of chewing gum sure to be reliable, it has to be tinted. After all, gray-white rubber cannot smell like strawberries! Chewing gum dyes must also be included in the international list of permitted and harmless substances. This list is constantly updated and rechecked. So, monoazonaphtalene, a naphthalene red dye, known under the trade name amaranth E-123, should be phased out: it has mutagenic activity. Other dyes used in chewing gum: Sunset yellow (monoazophenylnaphthalene), Ponceau red (same group as amaranth), tartrazine, copper salt of chlorophyll. In Spain, pink bubblegum is tinted with natural dyes from beetroot juice (this, of course, does not mean that the gum smells like borscht: beetroot dye has no smell). The snow-white color of the rubber comes from titanium dioxide.
^ 1.3. The effect of chewing gum on the human body.
From a commercial point of view, the creation of chewing gum was a strong move, people tend to chew something. Psychoanalysts will find something Freudian in this habit. Historians will confirm the passion for chewing with archaeological finds that go back to the Stone Age. In northern Europe, pieces of prehistoric resin with imprints of human teeth were found, which date back to the 7th-2nd millennium BC.
You can not thoughtlessly use chewing gum in the oral cavity, because. according to Pavlov's reflex laws, the reflex apparatus of the digestive system enters into the process: salivary glands secrete saliva due to the reflex entry of food into the stomach, more mucus is secreted in the stomach, more secretory components are produced by the pancreas, more bile accumulates in the gallbladder. And there is no food entering the gastrointestinal tract and never will be. Saliva cannot be neutralized by other parts of the secretory apparatus of the digestive system. And what if the modern secretory secretion into the gastrointestinal tract during food intake is gradually disrupted over time and there is no full effect of enzymes or active substances on it? And what if the body, tired of fighting, cannot cope with the neutralization of the produced components and this secret begins to process the adjacent tissues of the inner surface of the gastrointestinal tract? In this case, congestion may occur throughout the secretory apparatus, which will lead to the appearance of stones, their significant increase in size. Many competent general practitioners warn against thoughtless chewing gum, because. this can subsequently, in 10-15 years, lead to a whole epidemic of gastritis, duodenitis, cholecystitis and pathology of the salivary glands.
Chewing gum contains a sugar substitute - sorbitol. This substance belongs to the so-called alcohols or polyols, which are known not only for their sweetness, but also for their ability to have a laxative effect. Usually 30-40g is enough for this, but many need even less - ten grams. But it is quite obvious that this is not a chapel either, sensitivity to sweet polyhydric alcohols is very individual.
In Russia, you cannot find a single adult chewing gum with sugar - almost all gum is made on the basis of sweeteners. But children's chewing gum stuffed with "white death" is more than enough. Chewing gums with sugar create a solution of sugar and saliva in the cavity, in which children's teeth bathe for a long time. And in the works of dentists, it was shown that the more often and longer the tooth contacts with sugar, the greater the risk of developing caries.
Teeth's best friend, xylitol, is also a polyol. And it weakens no worse than its colleagues in the group of polyhydric alcohols. So all anti-caries sugar-free chewing gums - Wrigley, Dirol, Stimorol and others - can cause bear disease. The composition of these brands of gum is very close. For example, a set of sugar substitutes, they are provided with sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol (maltia syrup), mannitol, aspartame and acesulfame K. Only the last two sweeteners are not involved in the laxative effect. But all the rest are also included in the group of polyols and have all the ensuing consequences.
In order not to be unfounded, let's go to chewing gum with a calculator. We get how many polyols we can get from it. On the packaging of Dirol it is honestly written that 100 g of gum contains 64 g of polyols, and in Stimorol there are even more - 68. Thanks to the Stimorol company for this information, its competitor Wrigley is silent about the number of polyols. But there is no doubt that the amount of sweet alcohols in the products of competing companies does not differ significantly. 
The weight of one pack ranges from 13 to 15 g, therefore, the amount of laxative-sweet alcohols in it can be from 8.3 to 10.2 g. The conclusion is obvious. For many people with diarrhea, one pack will be enough. And given the advertising recommendations, you can use it a lot more. Two pads after each contact with food, and a day and a half - two packs will turn out. Chewing gum is not the optimal laxative. The fact is that polyols work as osmotic laxatives, they retain some of the water in the large intestine. And with such diarrhea, quite useful electrolytes can be lost. Therefore, if individual sensitivity to polyols is high, it is better to choose something other than sugar-free chewing gum to protect your teeth. Signs of such hypersensitivity are obvious, in addition to diarrhea, there may be spasms, flatulence, and other "vertigi". It is not always necessary to use such gum for irritable bowel syndrome, colitis and some other bowel diseases.
Microbes that are in the oral cavity in large numbers secrete acids that destroy teeth. Competent chewing gum, just like toothpaste, should neutralize the acid. To do this, carbamide is added to the gum. When buying chewing gum, you need to pay attention to the presence of sugar or sweeteners in it. If glucose is used as a sweetener, dysbacterial properties can be forgotten, since glucose is a treat for bacteria. At the same time, microbes are not capable of assimilating xylitol or sorbitol, which allows, as they say in advertising, "to maintain the acid-base balance."
Most chewing gums, instead of protecting teeth and gums, contain components that themselves are the cause of such diseases of the teeth, gums and oral cavity as caries, periodontal disease and various types of gingivitis. Chewing gums contain stabilizer E-422 - this is glycerin; antioxidant E-320 is butylhydrooxinazole; emulsifier E-322 - etolecithins and phosphatides. This list is alarming, because in certain proportions and concentrations, these substances have a pathological effect on the body. So, glycerol, when absorbed into the blood, has toxic properties, causing serious blood diseases, such as hemolysis, hemoglobininuria, and methemoglobin kidney infarcts. Butylhydrohydroxyanisole with frequent use increases the level of cholesterol in the blood. Lecithins accelerate salivation, which, in turn, leads to a gradual disruption of the digestive tract. Saliva components are depleted, the absence of which leads to diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis, etc. From the same reference book, it can be seen that E-903 glaze is carnauba wax; acid E-330 is citric acid. Chemists say that urea is urea, well known to all agricultural workers, from which concentrated nitrogen fertilizer is made. Various urea compounds, when ingested, cause pulmonary edema and inhibition of motor activity. And long and uncontrolled use of citric acid can cause serious blood diseases.
If a person's mouth is constantly occupied with chewing gum, his speech, as a rule, is unintelligible and incomprehensible.
The constant presence of chewing gum in the mouth, according to neuropathologists, increases the tone of the masticatory muscles, which causes grinding of the teeth, and as a result of a bad night, serious problems.
Abuse of classic "sugar-free" chewing gum can lead to catastrophic weight loss and diarrhea, British doctors warn. The reason is sorbitol, a widely used sugar substitute found in chewing gum. It also appears to act as a laxative.
Representatives of the "ruminant industry" insist that sorbitol is a completely safe ingredient. It is used not only for the manufacture of chewing gum, but also for the production of sugar-free products, including diabetic ones. Sorbitol is also used as a laxative, but despite the appropriate warnings on chewing gum packages, people do not realize that the abuse of this product can cause serious health problems. In particular, stomach problems.
One 21-year-old patient suffered from diarrhea and stomach pain for eight months, and doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong until they discovered she was chewing too much gum. During these eight months, the girl lost 11 kilograms.
In the second case, the man lost 22 kilograms in a year, and it came to hospitalization. The reason is the same - chewing gum. Both patients in total consumed, as it turned out, from 20 to 30 grams of sorbitol daily. Each stick or pad of gum contains 1.25 g of sorbitol, respectively.
Gastroenterologist Dr. Jürgen Bauditz claims that a dose of sorbitol from 5 to 20 grams per day can cause minor troubles, such as bloating, but a dose of more than 20 grams daily is already guaranteed diarrhea and weight loss. The study showed that as soon as the patients completely stopped chewing gum, all symptoms disappeared, and they again began to gain the lost weight. A spokesman for Wrigley, which literally flooded both domestic and foreign markets with sugar-free chewing gum, claims that all components of this product are absolutely harmless, and there are warnings on the laxative properties of sorbitol on the packages; in addition: "Sorbitol is naturally found in many fruits and berries. For example, in pears, plums, dates, apricots, peaches, apples and cherries."
According to a Wrigley company representative, the natural content of sorbitol in all these fruits is confirmed by numerous studies almost twenty years ago. However, apparently, sorbitol in the form of fruits is still much safer than in the form of chewing gum.
And yet, nowadays you can hardly find a person who has never bought chewing gum. What does the label say?
No matter how difficult it is to make out the small inscriptions on the packages, read them.
^ With "-" sign.
1. Most often, chewing gum contains dyes - E171, E102, E133, E129, E132, taste stabilizers - E414, E422, emulsifier - E322, which harm the liver.
2. It is better to refrain from chewing gum with "natural identical flavors." Incomplete information on the label can already be classified as a sign of poor product quality.
3. Chewing gums made in third world countries use styrene butadiene rubber (it is forbidden to use it in food production in Russia). Such “chewing gum” can only be determined by tasting: it is usually more rigid, quickly loses its taste and begins to taste bitter.
^ 2. Practical part.
2.1. Experience number 1. Determination of polyhydric alcohols.
1)
2) 
2. Chewing gum extract.
1.Crushed chewing gum shell.
4. From left to right: copper (II) sulfate, copper (II) hydroxide, complex compounds of copper (II) cations with polyhydric alcohols
3. A solution of caustic soda and copper (II) sulfate.
^
2.2. Experience No. 2. Properties of the rubber base of the chewing gum.
1. From left to right: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, 96% ethyl alcohol.
2. From left to right: chewing gum in nitric acid, sulfuric acid, in ethyl alcohol.
^
2.3. Experience number 3. Detection of a phenylalanine residue in aspartame (E-951).
1. From left to right: electric stove, nitric acid, a glass of water, a test tube with a filtered alcohol solution.
2. Water bath.
^
2.4. Experience number 4. Properties of menthol (solubility in alcohols).
1. Water with an alcohol solution of chewing gum with menthol poured into it.
2. Solubility of menthol in alcohol.
^ 2.5. Experience number 5. Properties of dyes that make up chewing gum
(E-133).
1. In vitro: Colored chewing gum extract.
2.Heating gum extract.
3. Heated and filtered chewing gum extract in a test tube.
4. Test tubes from left to right: a test tube with alkali; test tube with heated chewing gum extract, test tube with acid.
Conclusion.
Thus, in order to achieve the set goal, namely, to prove the detrimental effect of chewing gum on the human body, we carried out the following work: we studied the material on the history of the emergence of chewing gum, the chemical composition of chewing gum, the harmful effects on the human body of substances that make up chewing gum. gum, the presence of these substances in chewing gum has been empirically proven.
^ Conclusions on the theoretical part:
| Some of the ingredients in chewing gum | Influence of the substances which are a part of chewing gum. |
| Butylhydrohydroxyanisole | Raises blood cholesterol levels |
| Glycerol | Hemolysis, hemoglobinuria |
| Lecithins | Caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis |
| Urea | Pulmonary edema, inhibition of motor activity |
| Citric acid (E-330) | Serious blood diseases |
| Polyols (sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, maltitol) | Bear disease, diarrhea, colic, flatulence |
| Sucrose, glucose, fructose | Caries |
| Phenylalanine | Hormonal imbalance |
| Menthol, butylated hydroxytoluene | Allergic urticaria |
| Flavors from cinnamon | Ulcers in the mouth |
| Liquorice | Increase in blood pressure, decrease in the amount of potassium in the blood |
| Styrene butadiene rubber | Irritation of mucous membranes, headache, dysfunction of the nervous system |
| Monoazonaphtalene (Amaranth E-123) | Mutagenic activity |
| Brilliant Blue Dye (E-133) | Liver damage |
^ Conclusions on the practical part:
| № experience | Progress. | observation. Conclusion. |
| Experience number 1. |
| The appearance of blue-violet coloration, indicating the formation of complex compounds of copper (II) cations with polyhydric alcohols that are part of the shell and base of chewing gum. |
| Experience number 2. | We divide the chewing gum left after chewing into five parts and place each part in a separate test tube. Pour into test tubes, respectively, 96% ethyl alcohol, concentrated sulfuric, nitric acid. | Butadiene and isoprene rubbers are unstable to the action of concentrated acids: they swell, soften, delaminate, but do not dissolve. In ethyl alcohol - swell. |
| Experience number 3. | We make an alcohol extract from chewing gum, filter it. Add concentrated nitric acid to the mixture. We heat the mixture in a water bath. | The sweetener aspartame (E-951) reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce a characteristic yellow color. |
| Experience number 4. |
|
|
| Experience number 5. | We make an extract from colored chewing gum (brilliant blue dye E-133). We heat the test tube in the flame of an alcohol lamp. We pour the solution into two test tubes, add sulfuric acid solution to one of them, and caustic soda solution to the other. Then we heat the test tube into which the alkali solution was added. | We observe the formation of a red solution (in a test tube with acid). We observe the formation of a yellow-brown solution (in a test tube with alkali). |
^ Glossary of terms.
Allergic urticaria -This is the general name for a group of diseases that are characterized by the appearance on the skin of itchy red blisters that turn pale when pressed, clearly demarcated, rising above the surface of the skin, ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.
Hemolysis- destruction of red blood cells with the release of hemoglobin into the environment.
Hemoglobinuria- urinary excretion of free hemoglobin - due to intravascular hemolysis.
Gingivitis- This is an inflammation of the gums, accompanied by swelling, redness and bleeding.
^ bear disease - Diarrhea due to fear.
Flatulence- swelling, bloating as a result of excessive accumulation of gases in the digestive tract.
Bibliography:
Buldakov A.S. Food additives, Moscow, DeLi print, 1999
Bolotov V.M. Food colorings: classification, properties, analysis, application, "Giord, 2003
Donchenko L.V. "Food Safety", Moscow, DeLi print, 2007
Zakrevsky V.V. “Food safety and biologically active food supplements. Practical Guide, Giord, 2000
V.P. Isupov "Food additives and spices", Giord, 2000
Krupina T.S. "Food additives", Moscow, Sirin prema, 2006.
I.S.Milovanov "Reference book of biologically active food additives", "Phoenix", 2005
Mogilny M.P. "Food and biologically active substances in nutrition", Moscow, DeLi print, 2000
Pilat T.L., "Biologically active food supplements (theory, production, application)", Avvallon, 2001
Rogov I.A., "Chemistry of food", KolosS, 2002
Sarafanova L.A. "The use of food additives in the confectionery industry", Profession, 2003
Allison Sarubin "Popular Dietary Supplements", Avvallon, 2002.
Chewing gum has harmoniously entered the daily use of people on all continents, despite widespread rumors about its harm to human health. What caused such popularity? The commercials focus on the beneficial properties of chewing gum for teeth, but whether this is so can only be understood by analyzing the composition of the product and the effect of individual chewing gum components on the human body.
Composition of chewing gum
The birthplace of the first rubber chewing gum, patented in 1869 by W. Semple, is America. However, archaeological finds indicate that a similar product was used in ancient Greece and the Middle East, only the basis of chewing gum was not rubber, but the resin of mastic trees. Such chewing gum was sold in America, being the forerunner of modern chewing gum.
Then small pieces of pine resin were mixed with beeswax and sold in portions. Perhaps then the harm of chewing gum was invisible to those who actively used it. Without synthetic polymers, flavor enhancers, preservatives, dyes, flavors, she was much more harmless than her contemporaries.
Over the years, chewing gum components have evolved to meet consumer needs and stay competitive. So, in 1880, its composition was enriched with corn syrup and peppermint, and in 1898, Dr. E. Beeman tries to increase sales by adding pepsin powder and positioning chewing gum on the market as a remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
However, there was no mention of the harmfulness of chewing gum. The version of its usefulness for teeth appeared in 1899 thanks to W. Canning, and has remained a favorite in terms of promoting trade to this day. However, the composition of the chewing gum confirms the opposite.
The threat of harm exists for both the teeth and the gastrointestinal tract. To neutralize its negative impact, it is really only knowing how much you can chew gum, what time of the day is most suitable for this.
Components
The basis of chewing gum is rubber, latex and other synthetic polymers. They make up 60% of the volume of the finished product. The negative impact of polymers on the human body has not been identified.
Glycerin (E422) - has the ability to draw water from tissues, so products with the addition of glycerin are contraindicated in people with diseases of the kidneys, cardiovascular system. The opinion that there is very little glycerin in chewing gum is true, but do not forget that it is contained in many other products: bread, sweets, cookies, marshmallows, cakes and even dairy products.
With the daily consumption of many glycerin-containing products, you can cause significant harm to health.
Butylhydroxyanisole (E320) is an antioxidant, preservative, antioxidant. The additive has been tested on animals, and the carcinogenic effect of the product was observed in large quantities. There are no such data for humans. In some cases, it acts either as an anti-cancer agent, or as a cancer-causing agent.
Citric acid (E330) - does not have a negative effect on the human body, and only large amounts, getting on the mucous membranes and skin, can cause a burn. But in chewing gum, the amount of additive is not dangerous.
The emulsifier (E322) is made on the basis of egg yolk. This supplement cannot cause serious harm to the body, but people with a tendency to allergic reactions should avoid products containing lecithin (E322).
Sweeteners:
- Aspartame is a sweetener that doctors recommend completely eliminating from the diet. Regular intake of aspartame causes allergies, headaches, sleep disturbances, and a depressed mental state. Aspartame cannot be washed out of the mouth with saliva, so the sweetish taste in the mouth causes a constant feeling of thirst. Phenylalanine, being a component of aspartame, disrupts chemical processes in the brain, affects the functioning of the nervous system and the human hormonal background.
- Xylitol (E697), maltitol (E695) are relatively safe food supplements, but can cause gastrointestinal disorders.
- Sorbitol (E420) is an emulsifier and sweetener widely used in the manufacture of products for diabetics. However, it cannot be called safe for human health, since long-term use of sorbitol-containing products leads to visual impairment, diabetic retinopathy, gastrointestinal disorders and flatulence. Sorbitol is prohibited for use in the production of baby food, and in the United States is classified as an additive hazardous to human health.
Titanium dioxide (E171) is used as the most commonly used coloring agent for white chewing gum. On the one hand, there is no information about the dangers of this substance. But it is worth doubting its safety, since during experiments on rats, inhalation of titanium dioxide powder caused the development of cancer. In addition to it, a vegetable dye (E120) is used, which is an allergen.
This is an abbreviated list of chewing gum components that are used in production to give it more attractive qualities: ductility, better extensibility for inflating bubbles and a unique taste. But with a complex effect on the body, they can give a number of negative manifestations.
Consequences of long-term use
The harm of chewing gum, brought both by its components and by the process of continuous chewing, is as follows:
In kindergarten or at home, a child can go to bed without taking the chewing gum out of his mouth. Its entry into the respiratory organs can lead to suffocation or consequences incompatible with life.
The disadvantages of chewing gum, neutralizing the usefulness of its use, include:
- Short-term effect of improving the smell from the oral cavity, lasting only a few minutes.
- Aggravation from chewing gum of short-term memory and manifestation of absent-mindedness.
- The negative impact of the constant use of chewing gum during the day on the condition of nails, hair, skin.
- Along with the strengthening of the maxillofacial apparatus, an abnormal bite in a child caused by chewing can form, loosen the teeth.
Video: chewing gum harm, composition - shock!
Rules for use and an alternative to chewing gum
Despite the harm from chewing gum, if you don’t have a toothbrush on hand, its use is acceptable. And even then it is worth adhering to the rules for using chewing gum:
- Chewing gum is not in between meals, but only strictly before meals or immediately after eating.
- Chewing gum can be chewed for no more than 5 minutes. Then the additional production of saliva and gastric juice will not harm the body.
- Do not swallow chewing gum after neutralizing its taste, do not throw it on the street in an unsuitable place for this.
- Choose chewing gum with a neutral color, taste and smell.
If possible, you should replace the use of chewing gum with more natural products that cause a similar effect:
- Chewing gummies that are easy to make at home.
- Coffee beans that, when chewed, will permanently eliminate bad breath by destroying bacteria.
- Mint and parsley leaves can dull the feeling of hunger, freshen the breath and saturate the body with useful vitamins.
When using chewing gum, it is important to remember that everything must be in moderation. If possible, replace chewing gum with more natural products that can vitaminize the body, neutralize bacteria and refresh the oral cavity.
Popularly referred to as chewing gum, it is a lifesaver in the daily life of every person.
Sometimes it happens that some situations make it impossible to brush your teeth. Or you need to freshen your breath before a business meeting or date. It is at such moments that chewing gum comes to the rescue.
Although not everyone is happy with her. Some question the chemical composition of gum. But is chewing gum really that bad?
History of occurrence
The origin of chewing gum is rooted in the distant past, namely, the first mention of it appeared 5000 years ago in ancient Greece.
The Greeks, as well as the inhabitants of the Middle East, cleaned their teeth by chewing rubber and the resin of the mastic tree. So these tools can be safely called the first prototypes of chewing gum.
But the origin, which approximately resembled the real one, dates back to 1848. Of course, it is very different from the modern one. The basis for chewing gum, the composition - all this was based on rubber. Yes, she looked different.
Its creator was John Curtis, an Englishman who created gum from resin with the addition of beeswax. He cut it in portions into small pieces, wrapped it in paper and put it up for sale. Somewhat later, Curtis added spices and paraffin to his invention, which gave the chewing gum flavor. Although all this did not save the situation that the chewing gum could not withstand the heat and sunlight in any way and in a short time lost its marketable appearance.
Chewing gum, the composition of which was very primitive, underwent some changes only in 1884. Thomas Adams was the inventor of the improved chewing gum.
His first chewing gum was endowed with an elongated shape and a licorice taste, which, however, was short-lived. The problem was decided to be corrected by adding sugar and corn syrup.
Since then, chewing gum began to gradually take on the appearance of the product that everyone is used to seeing in our time.
Adams was the creator of the first fruit-flavored chewing gum, whose name, by the way, this chewing gum is still being produced today.
In 1892, Wrigley's Spearmint, still known to this day, appeared, the creator of which was William Wrigley. In addition, he improved the technical production of the product - the chewing gum itself, the composition has changed: the shape has become expressed in the form of a plate or a ball, components such as powdered sugar, fruit additives have been added.
Chemical components of chewing gum
At the beginning of the last century, chewing gum manufacturers came up with a single formula for what real chewing gum should be. Its composition looked like this:
1. Sugar or its substitutes make up 60%.
2. Rubber - 20%.
3. Flavored components - 1%.
4. Corn syrup to prolong the taste - 19%.
Modern manufacturers produce their products with the following composition:
1. Chewing base.
2. Aspartame.
3. Starch.
4. Coconut oil.
5. Various dyes.
6. Glycerol.
7. Flavors of natural and artificial nature.
8. Technical ionol.
9. Acids: malic and citric.
This composition raises doubts about the usefulness of chewing gum. But without chemical components, modern chewing gum would not be able to retain its taste for a long time, be subject to long-term storage.
Benefits of chewing gum
The use of chewing gum, although it causes a lot of controversy about its benefits and harms, nevertheless, this does not detract from its relevance. Chewing this product brings its own benefits for a person.
- Chewing gum makes breath fresh and pleasant.
- Regular chewing helps strengthen gums. This is true, but for this you need to chew evenly on both sides of the mouth, otherwise you can achieve the development of facial asymmetry.
- Maintains the acid-base environment of the oral cavity.
Chewing gum harm
Every day, hundreds of thousands of people, and maybe more, chew gum without thinking about its effect on the body. But chewing gum can be harmful.
- Regular use disrupts the usual production of saliva. Salivation quantitatively increases, and this is a negative deviation from the norm.
- You can't chew gum on an empty stomach. The result of this can be the production of gastric juice, which will irritate the walls of the stomach, which will eventually lead to the formation of gastritis.
- Although chewing gum strengthens the gums, it can also adversely affect their condition. The result can be impaired blood circulation, which will lead to their inflammation or periodontal disease.
- Recently, scientists have found that regular chewing of gum contributes to a slow reaction and deterioration of mental abilities.
- If you have fillings on your teeth, chewing gum can cause them to fall out.
- Chemical carcinogens have negative effects on the body, including can provoke the development of various diseases. First of all, the gastrointestinal tract can suffer.
Myths about chewing gum
Chewing gum is a popular product. Commercials claim daily that its regular use will bring a lot of benefits, for example, it will protect teeth from caries, give them perfect whiteness, and freshen breath. But which of this is true, and which is just a publicity stunt?
Myth 1: chewing gum will prevent cavities and clean your teeth of food debris. The plausibility of this statement is about 50 to 50. Of course, chewing gum will not protect against caries, but it can remove food debris, as a result of which chewing gum can be used when there is no way to brush your teeth.
Myth 2: Gum will create a "Hollywood smile". Alas, but this is an empty promise of advertising.
Myth 3: Chewing gum will speed up weight loss. Many believe that chewing gum reduces the feeling of hunger, respectively, you want to eat less. But this is a delusion. Also, don't chew gum on an empty stomach.
Myth 4: Swallowed gum will remain in the stomach for several years. This cannot be. The chewing gum will be eliminated from the body naturally in a couple of days.
"Orbit". What's inside?
"Orbit" - chewing gum, the composition of which includes various artificial fillers. However, this manufacturer is quite famous, which justifies the huge popularity of the product produced by him.
After looking at the composition of the chewing gum "Orbit", which is indicated on the back of the package, you can see the following elements:
The components that create a sweet aftertaste are maltitol E965, sorbitol E420, mannitol E421, aspartame E951, acesulfame K E950.
Various flavors, natural and artificial, depending on the intended flavor of the gum.
Coloring matter: E171 - titanium dioxide, which gives the chewing gum a snow-white color.
Additional components: emulsifier E322 - soy lecithin, antioxidant E321 - an artificial substitute for vitamin E, which inhibits oxidation, sodium bicarbonate E500ii, thickener E414, emulsifier and defoamer, stabilizer E422, glazing agent E903.
There is also an Orbita variant without sweeteners. The composition of gum "Orbit" without sugar is the same as that of the usual one, only it contains sweeteners: xylitol, sorbitol and mannitol.
"Dirol": component composition
Dirol is another well-known manufacturer of chewing gum. The components from which it is made differ from those used for Orbit, but there are still some similarities.
The composition of the chewing gum "Dirol":
Chewing base - polymer latex.
Sweeteners - isomalt E953, sorbitol E420, mannitol E421, maltitol syrup, acesulfame K E950, xylitol, aspartame E951.
Flavor additions depend on the intended flavor of the gum.
Dyes - E171, E170 (calcium carbonate 4%, white dye).
Additional elements - E322 emulsifier, E321 antioxidant - an artificial substitute for vitamin E, which helps to inhibit oxidation processes, E441 stabilizer, E341iii texturizer, E414 thickener, emulsifier and defoamer, E422 stabilizer, E903 glazing agent.
E422, when it enters the bloodstream, causes intoxication of the body.
E321 increases the level of bad cholesterol.
E322 increases the production of saliva, which subsequently negatively affects the gastrointestinal tract.
Citric acid can provoke the formation of tumors.
Chewing gum "Eclipse"
The composition of the chewing gum "Eclipse" is as follows:
The base is latex.
Sweeteners - maltitol, sorbitol, mannitol, acesulfame K, aspartame.
Flavors are used natural and identical to natural. They depend on the taste of chewing gum.
Coloring agents - calcium carbonate 4%, E 171, blue dye, E 132.
Additional substances - E 414 (gum arabic), stabilizer E 422, glazing agent E 903, antioxidant E 321.
Chewing gum "Avalanche of freshness"
Chewing gum "Avalanche of freshness" goes on sale in the form of small balls and green.
Such chewing gum is sold not in packaged packages of several pieces, but by weight. But basically, the sale of such chewing gum is carried out through special machines - by the piece.
Chewing gum "Avalanche of freshness" has the following composition: latex, powdered sugar, caramel syrup, glucose, Bubble Gum and Menthol flavoring, coloring components "shiny blue" and "sea wave", E171, E903.
If we evaluate the composition of chewing gums, the conclusion about their "usefulness" suggests itself. However, rarely does anyone think about the consequences that chewing gum can cause.
On the other hand, chewing gum can help out in some situations.
