Abstract: The outline of a speech therapy lesson contains educational games and tasks on the topic “Fruits” for older preschoolers, which allow them to improve their lexical and grammatical structure and coherent speech. In addition to classical means, it is proposed to use a tablet computer, interaction with which increases the interest and involvement of children in verbal communication.

Summary of the speech therapy lesson “Fruits” for older adults.

Goals and objectives :

• consolidate and clarify children's knowledge about fruits;
• consolidate children’s ability to write descriptive stories; form adjectives from nouns, diminutive forms of nouns, develop vocabulary;
• train attention, thinking, memory.

Equipment:

• demonstration material – models of fruits, a diagram of a picture and graphic plan; handouts – pictures of fruits; soft ball, tablet computer with games “Shadows”, “Fourth Wheel”.

Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational moment.

The one who stands between..., behind..., in front of..., near..., next to... will sit.

2. Fruit warm-up.

Models of fruits are displayed in front of the children. Using dummies, children answer the speech therapist’s questions:

What is this? What shape? By color? What does it taste like? How do we call all this in one word? (Fruits.) Where do fruits grow? On what? What is the name of a garden in which fruit trees grow?

3. Didactic games “What’s gone?”, “What’s changed?”

Children are asked to remember the fruits and their location. The players close their eyes, at this time the leader (adult or child) removes one fruit. At the signal, the players open their eyes and name which fruit is missing. The game is made more difficult if the leader hides several fruits or swaps them.

4. Writing stories.

The speech therapist asks a riddle:
Balls hang on the branches.
Turned blue from the heat.

What do you think this is? (Plum)

The speech therapist writes a descriptive story about the plum:

This is a plum. It is oval in shape. She is purple. The plum is tasty, fragrant, juicy. Grows in the garden on a tree.

Two or three children compose descriptive stories about other fruits using a picture-graphic plan.

• Form
• Magnitude
• What does it feel like
• In what form is it eaten?

5. Physical education minute.

Children stand in a circle.

We will cook compote.
You need a lot of fruit. Here:
Let's chop apples
We will chop the pear.
Squeeze the lemon juice
We'll put in some drainage and sand.
We cook, we cook compote.
Let's treat honest people.
(N. Nishcheva)

They march in a circle and stop.
“Counting” with the index finger,
"crumb"
"cut"
"squeeze out"
"put"
squat,
They clap their hands.

6. Didactic ball game “What kind of juice did you prepare?”

The speech therapist, standing in the center of the circle, asks the child a question and throws the ball. The child catches the ball and forms an adjective from a noun:

What kind of juice is made from an apple? - Apple. etc.

7. Didactic game “Fruit Lotto”.

Children take turns choosing a picture of a fruit, calling it and forming the diminutive form of the noun:

Cherry - cherry, etc.

8. Games for tablet computer:

- “Shadows”: the task is to choose the appropriate fruit for the proposed silhouette.

- “The fourth odd one”: the task is to choose an extra item that is not related to fruit.

9. Speech therapist's story. Summary of the lesson.

In autumn, fruits are harvested in the gardens. People carefully remove fruits from trees so as not to damage them. Fruits are healthy: they contain a lot of vitamins. Everyone loves fruits because they are juicy, sweet, fragrant, aromatic. But they eat fruits not only raw, but also make juices, jams, compotes, and preserves from them.

10. Work on compiling descriptive stories continues in individual and subgroup form.

Yanson G.Yu.,
teacher speech therapist

Gulnara Bikbulatova

Subject: «

With based on the diagram».

Goals:

Correctional educational:

teach children to retell story based on a description scheme;

correlate appearance vegetables with geometric shapes;

teach children to select adjectives for nouns;

Correctional and developmental:

develop in children the ability to answer questions in complete sentences;

activate vocabulary on the topic « Vegetables and fruits» ;

practice agreeing nouns with adjectives;

consolidate generalizing concepts « Vegetables» And « Fruits» ;

develop attention, memory and thinking, paying attention to details descriptions;

develop fine and gross motor skills, physiological and speech exhalation;

Correctional and educational:

instill neatness and hygiene skills in children.

Equipment: wicker basket, napkin, dummies vegetables and fruits, magic tree, magic vegetable garden, plastic plates, lemon, apron for the seller, mnemonic table, educational game “What shall we cook?”.

Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational moment:

Children enter the group and see a basket covered with a napkin.

Speech therapist: These are gifts from Autumn. And you must guess what is in the basket yourself by guessing and guessing the riddles that you memorized at home with your parents.

1st child: Before we ate it, everyone had time to cry. (Onion)

2nd child: Whoever put on a hundred shirts gritted her teeth. (Cabbage)

3rd child: Monkeys love to eat ripe ones. (Bananas)

4th child: Balls are hanging on the branches, blue from the heat. (Plums)

5th child: Most sour fruit in the world. It is useful for adults and children. (Lemon)

The speech therapist removes the napkin and shows it to the children vegetables and fruits.

Speech therapist: How can we call in one word the gifts of Autumn that are in the basket? (Vegetables and fruits) .

Where do they grow? vegetables(fruits?

What benefits do they bring?

How to collect vegetables that grow on the ground, on a bush? (pluck, cut).

How to collect fruits? (rip off)

2. Announcement of the topic:

Speech therapist: Today we will study talk about vegetables and fruits.

3. Exercise "Scented Lemon".

The speech therapist asks the children to smell the lemon and say exhale:

Oh! What a lemon!

Oh! What a fragrant lemon!

4. Game "Pick a sign"

Speech therapist: Look guys, we have a magic tree and a magic garden bed. I suggest you play a game "Pick a sign". You're ripping off vegetable or fruit and select signs for it. For example:

Cucumber (Which)- green, tasty, firm, juicy, oval;

cabbage (which) - ….

lemon (Which) - ….

apple (which).

plum (which) - ….

Pumpkin (which) - ….

5. Game “What shall we cook?”

On the children's tables are "pans" with image vegetables and fruits.

Speech therapist: On your tables there are pots with wax and fruits. Let's play a game “What shall we cook?”

From lemon - lemon juice.

From pumpkin - pumpkin salad.

From beets - beet juice.

From cabbage - cabbage salad.

From plums - plum jam.

From pears - pear juice. Etc.

6. Physical exercise "Garden".

Performing movements according to the text of the poem.

Our garden is in order -

We dug up the beds in the spring.

We weeded the garden

Watered the garden.

There is not much in the small holes

We planted cabbage.

All summer she got fatter,

It grew in breadth and height.

And now she’s cramped with white,

He says - move aside!

7. Game "Shop". Writing a descriptive story about vegetables and fruits.

Speech therapist: Let's play in the store where they sell vegetables and fruits. You can buy them if write stories about fruits or vegetables. And it will help us with this scheme.

The speech therapist introduces children to each symbol.

Plan story:

1. What is this item?

2. Where does it grow?

3. Which one vegetable(fruit) to taste. What does it feel like?

4. What shape vegetable(fruit?

5. What color?

6. What can be prepared from vegetables(fruit?

Speech therapist: We need to choose a seller. (Invite one of the guests to play the role of seller). We will invite a seller from among our guests. I will be the first buyer. Listen to my story which I compiled using this helper diagram.

This is a tomato. Tomato is vegetable. It grows in the garden, in the garden bed. Tomato is tasty, juicy and sweet vegetable. It is soft to the touch. The tomato is round and red. You can make a salad from tomatoes, they can be salted and eaten raw.

8. Children's stories.

9. Summary of the lesson.

Speech therapist: What gift did the generous Autumn send us? What can we say about vegetables and fruits? (They are healthy, tasty, full of vitamins).

10. Assessment of children's activities.

Speech therapist: Well done boys. You did well today and made up stories. Autumn is so generous and rich in harvest that it has sent you another basket with sweet, tasty and juicy apples. But before we eat them, what do we need to do? (Wash your hands and fruits) . Well done.

Page 1 of 4

APPLE

Amber apples
The apple tree is ripe.
Amber apples
Yana and Yasha were eating.
(N. Lunina)
Everyone knows what an apple looks like. This is not surprising. An apple is among fruits as a potato is among vegetables. Apple orchards on our planet occupy five million hectares. This is the most common fruit tree.
The apple has been known to people since ancient times. There is a mention of this fruit in the Bible. It was the apple that Eve plucked from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of the home apple tree. The ancient Greeks and Romans considered the apple a symbol of love and dedicated it to the goddess of beauty.
The ancient Germans were sure that apples were the favorite fruit of the gods. They planted apple trees around their houses, hoping that the evil storm god would not throw lightning arrows at them.
In Russia, apple trees began to be grown already in the 11th century. In 1051, an apple orchard was founded in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. The first apple orchards appeared in the Moscow region in the 12th century. by order of Yuri Dolgoruky. On August 19, Rus' celebrated the Apple Savior. Until this time, apples were not supposed to be picked. On this day, ripe fruits were collected from apple trees and blessed in churches. Apples were given to the poor and homeless. The more beggars you treat, the more abundant the harvest will be next year. Housewives baked apple pie on this day.
Several hundred varieties of apples are known in Russia. They are divided into summer, autumn and winter. In the second half of September, winter apple varieties were collected: Antonovka and Semerinka. The skin of these varieties is thick, with a special waxy coating that protects the fruit from rotting. You can store them until spring.
Apples are eaten fresh, dried, soaked and frozen. They are used to prepare juices, compote, jam, jam, marmalade, and jelly.
Apples are very useful. It is no coincidence that the Russian people created a fairy tale about rejuvenating apples. Eat them and you will be young and healthy. Apples contain vitamins, sugars, iron, potassium and magnesium salts.
MYSTERY
Just like a fist,
Red barrel.
You touch it with your finger - it’s smooth,
And if you take a bite, it’s sweet.
(Apple) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
September smells like apples, October smells like cabbage.
No apple falls past the apple tree.
Like the tree, so are the apples.

PEAR

Pear is very tasty.
We are very sad without a pear.
Pear is a delicious food
And especially in jam.
(I. Goryunova)
In terms of popularity and space occupied, the pear is in third place after the apple and cherry trees.
Pear cultivation began a long time ago. The ancient Roman writer Cato the Elder, in his treatise “On Agriculture,” written more than two thousand years ago, gave recommendations on how to properly grow pears. Pliny the Elder described 35 varieties of pears in his work. Unlike modern varieties, pears in ancient Rome were hard. They became soft at the end of the 18th century thanks to the efforts of French and Belgian breeders. One of them, Van Monet, developed 400 varieties of pears, 40 of which are still popular today.
Now the number of pear varieties has exceeded several thousand.
Pears are grown in gardens; they also grow on forest edges and in clearings in deciduous forests. It feels good on rocky mountain slopes, as it is not picky about the soil and tolerates drought and light frosts. Pear trees begin to bear fruit in 5–7 years. True, at first the harvest is small. But when the tree gains strength, they get up to 200 centners per hectare. Pears live quite a long time, up to 300 years. The oldest fruit tree in the world is considered to be a pear tree, planted in 1630 within the American city of Denver.
Wonderful pear
Very sweet, like honey.
It just begs to be held in the palm of your hand,
And then rather into the mouth.
(N. Migunova)
The pear fruit consists of 97% pulp, 2.5% skin and only 0.5% seeds. It contains vitamins D and C, potassium, magnesium, and iron salts.
Pears are eaten fresh, many delicious dishes are prepared from them, jams, jams, compotes are made, pears are dried and pickled.
MYSTERY
On the trees between the leaves
Birds hang upside down.
(Pears)

QUINCE

Transcaucasia and Central Asia are considered the homeland of quince; it is in these areas that it is now found in the wild. Quinces have been grown since time immemorial, more than 4,000 years ago. The Latin name for quince is Cytfonia, presumably derived from the city of Cydon on the island of Crete; it was widely cultivated already in the first millennium BC.
The ancient Greeks treated the quince with respect; for them it was a symbol of beauty and fertility. It was customary to treat newlyweds to quince. According to one version, the cause of the discord between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite was not an apple, but a quince.
Currently, about 400 varieties of quince are known. They differ from each other in the structure of flowers and the shape of fruits. True, the differences between them are not as significant as, for example, between apple varieties.
Quince fruits are yellow in color with different shades, sometimes with a slight blush, very dense, hard and crunchy. If there are greenish spots on the quince, it means that it is not yet fully ripe. The pulp of this fruit is slightly viscous, tart and quite aromatic - the smell has something of an apple, and there is also a coniferous tint. You should only eat ripe quince; it is advisable to give it a chance to age. The longer it sits, the tastier, more aromatic and softer it becomes, the astringent taste disappears.
Quince is a very healthy fruit. It contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, malic and citric acids. Quince pulp is rich in pectin.
Quince is a universal fruit. It is eaten raw, it makes delicious compotes, jams, preserves, candied fruits, it can be added to porridge, salad, vegetable soup. Quince mustard is a seasoning made from quince and mustard with the addition of ginger and coriander. Quince cheese is condensed quince juice with pulp.
Quince is grown in many countries of the world - in Europe, North America, North Africa, East and Central Asia. Cold-resistant varieties have also been developed and are successfully cultivated in the Volga region.
Another variety of quince is Japanese quince, or chaenomeles. The flowers and fruits of this plant are similar to quince. Chaenomeles was brought to Europe from Japan at the end of the 17th century. Gradually it gained popularity among gardeners - it has very beautiful decorative flowers. Japanese quince fruits are also edible, but they are more sour.

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Victor Moroz
Tell children about fruits

APPLE

Amber apples
The apple tree is ripe.
Amber apples
Yana and Yasha were eating.

(N. Lunina)

Everyone knows what an apple looks like. This is not surprising. An apple is among fruits as a potato is among vegetables. Apple orchards on our planet occupy five million hectares. This is the most common fruit tree.

The apple has been known to people since ancient times. There is a mention of this fruit in the Bible. It was the apple that Eve plucked from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of the home apple tree. The ancient Greeks and Romans considered the apple a symbol of love and dedicated it to the goddess of beauty.

The ancient Germans were sure that apples were the favorite fruit of the gods. They planted apple trees around their houses, hoping that the evil storm god would not throw lightning arrows at them.

In Russia, apple trees began to be grown already in the 11th century. In 1051, an apple orchard was founded in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. The first apple orchards appeared in the Moscow region in the 12th century. by order of Yuri Dolgoruky.

On August 19, Rus' celebrated the Apple Savior. Until this time, apples were not supposed to be picked. On this day, ripe fruits were collected from apple trees and blessed in churches. Apples were given to the poor and homeless. The more beggars you treat, the more abundant the harvest will be next year. Housewives baked apple pie on this day.

Several hundred varieties of apples are known in Russia. They are divided into summer, autumn and winter. In the second half of September, winter apple varieties were collected: Antonovka and Semerinka. The skin of these varieties is thick, with a special waxy coating that protects the fruit from rotting. You can store them until spring.

Apples are eaten fresh, dried, soaked and frozen. They are used to prepare juices, compote, jam, jam, marmalade, and jelly.

Apples are very useful. It is no coincidence that the Russian people created a fairy tale about rejuvenating apples. Eat them and you will be young and healthy. Apples contain vitamins, sugars, iron, potassium and magnesium salts.

MYSTERY

Just like a fist,
Red barrel.
You touch it with your finger - it’s smooth,
And if you take a bite, it’s sweet.

(Apple)

PROVERBS AND SAYINGS

September smells like apples, October smells like cabbage.

No apple falls past the apple tree.

Like the tree, so are the apples.

PEAR

Pear is very tasty.
We are very sad without a pear.
Pear is a delicious food
And especially in jam.

(I. Goryunova)

In terms of popularity and space occupied, the pear is in third place after the apple and cherry trees.

Pear cultivation began a long time ago. The ancient Roman writer Cato the Elder, in his treatise “On Agriculture,” written more than two thousand years ago, gave recommendations on how to properly grow pears. Pliny the Elder described 35 varieties of pears in his work. Unlike modern varieties, pears in ancient Rome were hard. They became soft at the end of the 18th century thanks to the efforts of French and Belgian breeders. One of them, Van Monet, developed 400 varieties of pears, 40 of which are still popular today.

Now the number of pear varieties has exceeded several thousand.

Pears are grown in gardens; they also grow on forest edges and in clearings in deciduous forests. It feels good on rocky mountain slopes, as it is not picky about the soil and tolerates drought and light frosts. Pear trees begin to bear fruit in 5–7 years. True, at first the harvest is small. But when the tree gains strength, they get up to 200 centners per hectare.

Pears live quite a long time, up to 300 years. The oldest fruit tree in the world is considered to be a pear tree, planted in 1630 within the American city of Denver.

Wonderful pear
Very sweet, like honey.
It just begs to be held in the palm of your hand,
And then rather into the mouth.

(N. Migunova)

The pear fruit consists of 97% pulp, 2.5% skin and only 0.5% seeds. It contains vitamins D and C, potassium, magnesium, and iron salts.

Pears are eaten fresh, many delicious dishes are prepared from them, jams, jams, compotes are made, pears are dried and pickled.

MYSTERY

On the trees between the leaves
Birds hang upside down.

(Pears)

QUINCE

Transcaucasia and Central Asia are considered the homeland of quince; it is in these areas that it is now found in the wild. Quinces have been grown since time immemorial, more than 4,000 years ago. The Latin name for quince is Cytfonia, presumably derived from the city of Cydon on the island of Crete; it was widely cultivated already in the first millennium BC.

The ancient Greeks treated the quince with respect; for them it was a symbol of beauty and fertility. It was customary to treat newlyweds to quince. According to one version, the cause of the discord between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite was not an apple, but a quince.

Currently, about 400 varieties of quince are known. They differ from each other in the structure of flowers and the shape of fruits. True, the differences between them are not as significant as, for example, between apple varieties.

Quince fruits are yellow in color with different shades, sometimes with a slight blush, very dense, hard and crunchy. If there are greenish spots on the quince, it means that it is not yet fully ripe. The pulp of this fruit is slightly viscous, tart and quite aromatic - the smell has something of an apple, and there is also a coniferous tint. You should only eat ripe quince; it is advisable to give it a chance to age. The longer it sits, the tastier, more aromatic and softer it becomes, the astringent taste disappears.

Quince is a very healthy fruit. It contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, malic and citric acids. Quince pulp is rich in pectin.

Quince is a universal fruit. It is eaten raw, it makes delicious compotes, jams, preserves, candied fruits, it can be added to porridge, salad, vegetable soup. Quince mustard is a seasoning made from quince and mustard with the addition of ginger and coriander. Quince cheese is condensed quince juice with pulp.

Quince is grown in many countries of the world - in Europe, North America, North Africa, East and Central Asia. Cold-resistant varieties have also been developed and are successfully cultivated in the Volga region.

Another variety of quince is Japanese quince, or chaenomeles. The flowers and fruits of this plant are similar to quince. Chaenomeles was brought to Europe from Japan at the end of the 17th century. Gradually it gained popularity among gardeners - it has very beautiful decorative flowers. Japanese quince fruits are also edible, but they are more sour.

PERSIMMON

This fruit began to be grown not so long ago. In 1855, American Admiral Matthew Perry brought from Japan a previously unknown fruit - persimmon. In America, however, another variety was known - Virginia persimmon. The Indians used it for medicinal purposes. Tea was brewed from the leaves, the seeds were dried, crushed and made into coffee. This variety has little in common with Japanese persimmon. The birthplace of Japanese persimmon, surprisingly, is China. There this tree still grows wild. In Japan and China, persimmons are treated with the same respect as we treat apples.

Gradually, persimmon spread throughout the world. In 1896, a collection of Japanese persimmon - 12 seedlings - was delivered to the Caucasus, to Batumi. Today, persimmons are grown in China, Italy, Spain, Egypt, in a number of Arab countries, in the countries of Southeast Asia and America with a subtropical and tropical climate, as well as much further north, where it can withstand even sub-zero temperatures in winter.

Frost-resistant deciduous subtropical persimmon trees reach a height of 5–8 meters, but sometimes grow up to 20 meters. Persimmon begins to bear fruit quite early, the first fruits appear on a 3-4 year old tree. Trees retain their ability to bear fruit for 50–60 years.

Persimmon is one of the healthiest fruits - a storehouse of nutrients and very necessary substances for the body. It is no coincidence that in Latin its name sounds like “food of the gods.” This is a very sweet fruit. Glucose and fructose make up a quarter. Persimmons contain large quantities of provitamin A, vitamin P, C, magnesium salts, potassium, iron, sodium, and calcium.

Contains persimmon and tannin - a tannin that gives it an astringent, tart taste. To get rid of the astringency, the fruit must be frozen or, conversely, kept in warm water for 5–6 hours.

Currently, less tart varieties of persimmon are known. For example, kinglet or chocolate persimmon. The flesh of the kinglet is dark brown, while the fruit of the common persimmon is entirely orange, the fruit of the kinglet is slightly flattened, and the fruit of the persimmon is elongated. But the main thing is that the king has no astringent taste, it is always sweet, and there is no need to freeze it.

ORANGE

Of course, you guessed it, it's an orange: a round fruit with a bright orange peel. Peel the peel and find juicy slices underneath, covered with a thin white film. This fruit is tasty, juicy, sweet.

The first mentions of oranges were found in Chinese chronicles of the 2nd–1st centuries. BC e. And the word orange is translated as “Chinese apple.”

There is a mention of oranges in ancient Greek mythology. King Eurystheus ordered Hercules to bring golden apples from the gardens of the Hesperides, which had the secret of youth. We are talking specifically about oranges. Due to the similarity of shape, the ancient Greeks called oranges apples.

Oranges came to Europe in the 15th century. Europeans liked the taste of “golden apples”. They were served for dessert as a rare delicacy.

Orange quickly gained popularity. In the 18th century, Prince Alexander Menshikov built a palace with greenhouses where oranges were grown. By the way, the word “greenhouse” comes from the French “orange”, which means orange.

Now the leader in growing oranges belongs to Brazil. The so-called navel orange varieties, which have another small orange at the top, were also bred there. Because of this, oranges become pear-like when ripe. Breeders develop varieties with little or no seeds. King oranges, which have bright red flesh, are cultivated in the Mediterranean. The amount of vitamins and other useful substances in the peel is three times greater than in the pulp.

Oranges, like other citrus fruits, are harvested by hand. The stalk of citrus fruits, unlike, for example, the stalks of an apple tree, is firmly connected to the branch, so oranges have to be cut, not picked.

PUZZLES

Bright, sweet, poured,
The cover is all gold.
Not from a candy factory -
From distant Africa.

(Orange)

* * *

It's orange on the outside
And orange inside.

(Orange)

POMEGRANATE

What a fruit!
A box with a secret!
The seeds look like glass,
All transparent
Everything is pink.
You'll be shocked - how strange! -
Doesn't ring.

In 825 BC, the Phoenicians, who lived on the Asian coast of the Mediterranean Sea, founded Carthage. They brought pomegranates with them to northern Africa. They probably couldn’t imagine their life without this tree.

In ancient times, in the East, pomegranate was called the “king” of fruits. Take a closer look at the pomegranate. Its fruit is crowned with a small “crown”. This is the calyx of a flower preserved after the petals have fallen.

Translated from Latin, “pomegranate” means “with grains.” You peel the skin from the fruit, and there... there are a lot of small grains. There are usually 100–150 of them in one pomegranate.

Pomegranate is a subtropical crop; it grows in warm countries on low trees - 3–5 meters. It has amazingly beautiful, bright, red-orange flowers that look like bells. Pomegranate fruits ripen in October-November.

Pomegranate is a fruit rich in vitamins and minerals. Even the peel of a pomegranate is useful. It contains tannins, which are used in the treatment of diseases of the throat and gums.

Pomegranates are eaten fresh. One of the advantages of this fruit is that, thanks to its dense, hard peel, it can be stored for several months, until the next harvest, without losing its taste.

Juice, syrups, and drinks are prepared from pomegranate.

PUZZLES

He's hanging on a branch
And similar to an apple,
But red as a lobster
And, like a bull, thick-skinned,
And full to the top of ruby ​​beads -
Transparent, and juicy, and sweet in taste.

(Pomegranate)

* * *

Round house, red house,
There are no windows in the house.
But inside - look
There is something to marvel at:
In every room inside
Red girls.

(Pomegranate)

MANDARIN

New Year smells delicious!
Soon, soon he will come!
It smells like resinous pine needles,
Tangerine peel,
Smells like sweet dough
And vanilla chocolate!

(T. Shorygina)

Not long ago, there was a custom to decorate the New Year tree with tangerines, and a vase with these fragrant fruits was certainly placed on the festive table.

Tangerines and oranges are very close relatives and both belong to the citrus family. Do you remember what a tangerine looks like? Small, round, covered with a bright orange peel. Does it look like an orange? Yes. Just a smaller size. Previously, it was believed that tangerines were a variety of small oranges. And there is still no consensus among botanists. Some believe that all varieties of tangerines belong to one species, others identify up to 13 types of tangerines.

Tangerines come from China, Japan and Indochina. They came to Europe only in the 19th century.

In tropical Asia, China, India, Japan, the Mediterranean, and on the Florida Peninsula in the USA, tangerines are preferred among all citrus fruits. Of the citrus fruits, it was tangerines that penetrated the furthest to the North. On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the Krasnodar Territory, unshiu mandarin, which is of Japanese origin, is cultivated. It is distinguished by significant frost resistance (trees tolerate frosts down to -12 °C).

Tangerines grow on low trees with a spreading crown. Their leaves are very smooth, shiny, green at any time of the year. The fruits ripen quite quickly and can be harvested already in November. Tangerines produce the largest harvest among citrus fruits. In favorable years, 5–6 thousand fruits are collected from one tree per season.

The taste of tangerine is probably familiar to everyone. Juicy, sweet tangerines are rich in vitamin C, carotene, and contain up to 1% acids, mainly citric. One of the advantages of tangerines is that the pulp does not stick tightly to the peel, making the fruit easy to peel. Tangerine peel contains a lot of essential oils, which are used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetics.

LEMON

Yellow citrus fruit
In sunny countries it grows
But it tastes sour,
And his name is...

(E. Savelyeva)

Of course, you guessed that we are talking about lemon. The pulp of this fruit contains from 4 to 6 percent citric acid. It contains significantly less sugar, which is why lemon tastes sour. Why then do people love and value this fruit? The fact is that lemon is very healthy. It contains more vitamin C than any other citrus fruit; in addition, it contains vitamin P. As for acid... Of course, few people dare to eat fresh lemons without sugar. But what a delicious and aromatic tea with lemon!

It's very difficult to eat a lemon,
Because it's sour.
But tea with lemon is delicious,
Treat your friends to it.

(N. Migunova)

Lemon is an excellent anti-scorbutic remedy. English sailors took 30 grams of lemon juice daily to prevent vitamin deficiency. The famous navigator James Cook, going on a trip around the world, stocked up on lemons and lemon juice.

India and Pakistan are considered the homeland of lemon, where it was grown 2200 BC. This evergreen tree came to Europe thanks to the Arabs, who brought it from Western Asia. Currently, lemon is grown in almost the entire subtropical zone of our planet.

In our area, lemons are grown in greenhouses and even on windowsills. About two centuries ago, the first harvest of lemons growing in pots was obtained by residents of the city of Pavlov, Novgorod region. The variety of such lemons began to be called “Pavlovsk”. Growing lemons at home is not difficult. All you have to do is plant a lemon seed in a pot and take care of it. After 8–10 years, fruits may appear on such a lemon.

Lemons grow on low evergreen trees. Representatives of most varieties have thorns on their branches. Lemon leaves are large, shiny, and contain essential oil. Lemon fruits are picked by hand and usually with gloves so as not to damage the fruit and not get scratched. To keep lemons longer, they are picked unripe when they are green. Lemons turn yellow later. At the same time, the nutrient content in them remains unchanged.

PEACH

I tell you honestly -
I love ripe peach.
It's juicy, it's sweet,
And tastier than chocolate.

(N. Migunova)

It is difficult to disagree with the author of this quatrain. Peaches are delicious, juicy, tender, sweet. They began to be grown more than 5 thousand years ago. The exact origin of the cultivated peach is unknown. It is believed that it grew wild in China or western Central Asia. It came to Europe through Persia, where it got its name. The peach loves warmth more than the apricot, which is why the border of its cultivation lies further south. Nowadays, in terms of yield and area occupied in Europe, peaches rank third, behind apples and pears. In Italy, he even managed to get around the pear.

The peach tree reaches a height of 3–6 meters. It blooms early, even before the leaves bloom. His flowers are very beautiful. There are even terry decorative varieties created specifically for parks. In the East, there was a custom: to brew tea, they collected water from peach petals when the late spring snow melted on them. In our time, such a recipe, unfortunately, cannot be used. The precipitation is too polluted.

Wild peach species have small fruits - up to 50 grams, while cultivated varieties reach 500 grams, and they produce a harvest annually. In addition to carotene, these fruits contain minerals that help increase hemoglobin levels and maintain the acid-base balance in the body. Fresh peaches are very delicate, do not last long and require careful handling. Jams and compotes are prepared from them.

Oil is obtained from the seeds, which, after steaming, loses its bitterness and becomes a pleasant food product.

PUZZLES

The fruit is fragrant and fluffy;
And the middle of the fruit,
Like a stone, solid.

(Peach)

* * *

Even though the sun burns him,
He is dressed in cloth.
And the cloth is golden,
Subtle and clean.

(Peach)

APRICOT

Apricot, apricot!
You grew up in the sultry south.
The sun caressed you -
Sweet juices poured in,
The wind ruffled you -
It gave aroma to the fruits.
The dew washed you away,
Thunderstorms rushed past.
So the apricot grew -
The color is softer than roses
With a hard, smooth bone,
Fragrant, tasty, sweet!

(T. Shorygina)

The homeland of apricot is Central Asia and China. The domestication of this fruit plant occurred simultaneously in both regions. In China, apricots were grown already in the 4th millennium BC. They came to Europe in the 11th century through Turkestan, Iran and Armenia. Gradually it spread further and further north. In Russia, apricot grows in the southern regions and the Far East.

Common apricots are mainly grown. This is a light-loving, heat-resistant and drought-resistant plant. Apricot is not capricious, it can grow on rocky slopes, on sandy soils, and can withstand even sub-zero temperatures. Apricot trees begin to bear fruit in the 3rd or 4th year.

European cold-resistant apricot varieties are called zherdels. They are smaller and more acidic than southern apricots. In China and Japan, poles are salted like olives.

Apricots are not only tasty, but also healthy; they contain a lot of carotene, which is converted into vitamin A in the body, and are also rich in potassium. Apricots ripen in mid-summer and are consumed fresh, processed and dried. Dried fruits without seeds are called dried apricots, with seeds - apricots. The most valuable varieties of dried apricots contain up to 84 percent sugar.

Apricot kernels are also useful. They contain up to 40 percent edible oil, more than 20 percent protein and about 10 percent carbohydrates. Classic marzipan is prepared from apricot kernels. Activated carbon is obtained from apricot shells.

WATERMELON

Round-round, sweet-sweet,
With striped skin smooth,
And if you cut it, look:
It's red-red inside.

The well-known juicy watermelon comes from hot Africa. In South and Central Africa and even on the outskirts of the Kalahari Desert, wild watermelon can still be found. He is also called “Lord of the Desert”. This is a favorite food of rhinoceroses, elephants, antelopes and other animals.

Watermelons have been grown for a very long time. Images of watermelon were found on ancient Egyptian frescoes. And its seeds were discovered in ancient tombs.

In Western Europe, watermelon began to be cultivated in the Middle Ages. Since ancient times, watermelon has been known in Rus', where traders from the East delivered it. In the 13th century, watermelons were brought to Astrakhan. Now these amazing fruits are grown on all continents, even in many areas of the Far East and Siberia. In our country, Astrakhan watermelons are considered the best.

The maximum weight of watermelon fruits reaches 20 kilograms, but among these plants there are also real record holders. In 2005, a watermelon weighing 111 kilograms was presented at the giant melon competition in the Japanese city of Uzki. It was raised by 70-year-old Akinori Takomitsu, who devoted his entire life to growing huge watermelons. The weight of the ten fruits he presented at the exhibition exceeded 100 kilograms!

Edible oil is obtained from the seeds; the pulp is consumed both fresh and canned. Watermelon is used to make marshmallows, jam, honey, and candied fruits. Small watermelons are salted.

Watermelon fruits are not only tasty, but also healthy. They contain easily digestible sugars, pectins, vitamins A, B, C, PP and other minerals necessary for the body.

PUZZLES

I myself am scarlet, sugary,
The caftan is green, velvet.

(Watermelon)

* * *

They came to us with melons
Striped balls.

(Watermelons)

Attention! This is an introductory fragment of the book.

If you liked the beginning of the book, then the full version can be purchased from our partner - the distributor of legal content, LitRes LLC.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW

SOUTHERN DISTRICT EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 000

Moscow, st. Gas pipeline, 3a

Phone: (4E-mail: *****@***ru

_____________________________________________________________

Summary of a frontal lesson on speech development for children with bilingualism

Topic: Compiling a descriptive story according to the plan-scheme “Vegetables and fruits”

Completed by: teacher-speech therapist GBOU secondary school No. 000

Moscow, 2011

Target: children's speech development.

Tasks: systematization of the dictionary, activation of the dictionary on the topic “Vegetables and fruits”, development of grammatical skills and inflection skills, development of coherent speech, development of skills in the ability to write stories based on a plan diagram, formation of positive motivation in the classroom, development of control over one’s own speech.

Equipment and handouts: dummies of vegetables and fruits in a bag, a form for each child to indicate the shape of vegetables and fruits, simple pencils, a presentation for the lesson made in Power Point (the presentation is attached in the section “Use of electronic educational resources in the educational process”).

Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational part

Children stand in front of the teacher.

Teacher: Now I will ask you riddles, and you will try to guess them.

I was born for glory, He never and no one

The head is white and curly. Didn't offend you in the world.

Who loves, go, Why do they cry from him?

Look for me. (cabbage) Both adults and children? (onion)

The red nose has grown into the ground, in the summer in the garden

And the green tail is on the outside. Fresh, green,

We don’t need a green tail, And in winter it’s in a barrel

All you need is a red nose. Strong, salty.

(carrots) (cucumbers)

Round, rosy. Bright, sweet, poured,

I'm growing on a branch. The cover is all gold!

The adults who love me are not from the candy factory -

And little children. (apple) From distant Africa! (orange)

Blue uniform

Yellow lining

And it's sweet in the middle. (plum)

The child solving the riddle takes out the corresponding fruit or vegetable from the bag by touch (slide 2).

Teacher: Look how much we have on the tray now! What do you think we will talk about today?

Children: About vegetables and fruits (slide 3).

Teacher: What other vegetables and fruits do you know?

Children answer the question, and the teacher lays out other dummies.

Teacher: Now let's put the vegetables and fruits on different trays.

After this, the children sit down at their workplaces.

2. Main part

Teacher: Fruits and vegetables come in different colors (slide 4). Let's think about what fruits and vegetables are red (green, orange, yellow, brown ( conducted in the form of a survey; result – demonstration of 5-11 presentation slides)?

Teacher: Fruits and vegetables are not only different colors, but also different shapes (slide 12). You have sheets on your tables with vegetables and fruits drawn in cells. Take pencils and outline round vegetables and fruits with a circle, oval ones with an oval, triangular ones with a triangle.

Children complete the task, then the correctness is checked together with the teacher, saying what shape the fruit or vegetable is (the task is checked when viewing the 13th slide of the presentation).

Physical education minute (slide 14):

Children are asked to remember that fruits grow on trees in the garden, and vegetables grow in beds in the garden. After this, the teacher names vegetables and fruits randomly, and the children, having heard the name of the fruit, stand on their toes and raise their hands up; and, having heard the name of the vegetable, they crouch, at the same time pronouncing what grows and where.

Teacher: We not only eat fruits and vegetables raw, but also cook a lot of delicious things from them. What can you cook from vegetables and fruits?

Children answer the question. The game “Cheerful Cook” begins: the presentation shows slide 15 with the image of a cook, and around him are various dishes of fruits and vegetables. The teacher shows a card with a vegetable or fruit, and the children, using the form provided, say what can be cooked from it. For example: apricot compote, apricot jam, etc.

Teacher: And now we will learn to talk about fruits and vegetables. And this diagram will help us (shows the children a diagram - slide 16 of the presentation).

Using the example of one fruit or vegetable, the teacher composes a story according to a diagram.

Scheme: What is this?

Fruit or vegetable?

Where does it grow?

What does it taste like?

Which one is outside, which one is inside?

What color?

What shape?

What can you cook?

After this, the children compose stories, while the other children make additions to their classmate’s story.

4. Final part

A survey is conducted about what the children did in class (reflection).