If you plunge deep into history, you need to understand that for each individual city, not to mention countries, there were their own concepts of weight, length, time. The measure of weight in every corner of the planet had its own, it was measured in ounces, pounds, measures, pounds and other units, and even the same names did not guarantee the weight match. It was the same with length, ranging from small measurements to distances between cities. But until the end of the eighteenth century, no one would have understood the question “how many kilograms in 1 liter?”, Because such names did not even exist.
Over time, when states came to unity of command, and international trade began to develop actively, a need arose for universal standardization. And if within each individual country the unification of measurements occurred almost simultaneously with the formation of this very country, then the world community approached uniform international standards in the second half of the nineteenth century.
The names "meter" and "kilogram" themselves appeared in France in 1795. After the victory of the French Revolution, the new authorities decided to get rid of everything that looked like a monarchy. The changed names of the months of the year, the days of the week did not last long, but the roots of the new units of measurement of the entire world community originate precisely in France. It was there that they first answered the question “how many kilograms are in 1 liter of water?”.
Metric system
The word "liter" got its name from the old French "litron", which denoted the measure of bulk solids. And the old French term has its roots in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. After the French Revolution, the liter became the new unit of measurement for volume. And in the same 1795, they determined how much a kilogram weighs 1 liter of water. To begin with, we determined how much one reference gram was. He weighed like one cube of melt water with an edge of one hundredth of a meter. And since a gram was a rather small quantity, not convenient for making a standard, a unit one thousand times heavier than a gram was taken as a standard. And, accordingly, the volume was “adjusted” under it. Therefore, to the question “how many kilograms are in 1 liter of water?” the only answer is "one". But the system, which was based on the meter and kilogram, received international recognition only in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, when seventeen states, including Russia, at a meeting in Paris, confirmed the Meter Convention with their signatures.
SI system
The Convention served as the basis for the creation of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the purpose of which was precisely the organization of a unified system of measurements. This system became the foundation for the emergence in 1960 of the International System of Units (SI). In this system, there was no place for a liter, but bringing measurements to a single standard allows you to answer the question at any time, how many kilograms are in 1 liter of any substance.
Liter measurements
“>Water was initially taken as the standard of mass in the state of melting ice. After this, the definitions changed, and the sample of one kilogram was water at the temperature of the highest density and the normal state of the atmospheric phenomenon. It follows from this that a substance, in this case water, even in a 1 liter container can have a different weight. Therefore, when asked how many kilograms are in 1 liter, one should also specify atmospheric pressure and water temperature. And again, when it is not about water, the weight of one liter will vary significantly. Thus, the heaviest liquid in its natural state - mercury - is more than thirteen times heavier than water. And, for example, vegetable oil is lighter than water, and if you pour oil into water, an oil film forms on the surface. Given that one liter corresponds to one cubic decimeter, liters can be used to measure not only liquid substances, but also solid ones. The hardest known substance - osmium - is 23 times heavier than water, and the ice that forms when water freezes has a lower density, and therefore is located on the surface of the water. How many kilograms in 1 liter depends on what we measure.
measuring utensils
“> And where solid substances are measured in liters, loose ones also appear there. And in the old days, it was bulk substances that determined the volume of dishes, wheat served as a standard for this. And in the modern world, measuring utensils come to the aid of all housewives. With its help, you can safely answer the question of how many kilograms are in 1 liter, and by no means water. After all, everything is clear with water. Depending on the need, measuring utensils can measure how much cream, milk, perhaps even flour or cereals are in one liter. Or maybe not in one liter, but only in a glass. Measured utensils will show how many kilograms, pounds or ounces are in 1 liter, depending on which country's recipe will be being prepared at the moment. If there is no measuring utensils at hand, reference books will help, which will tell you about the capacity of one liter in relation to all kinds of products with an accuracy of a gram.
History of water
When asked how much a liter of water weighs in kilograms at different times, they answered differently. So, back in 1793, they adopted today's unit of measurement of liquid - a liter. And the French did it. And only in 1879, at the International Committee of Weights and Measures, it was decided to equate a measure of one liter to one cubic decimeter.
Already in the 20th century (1901), experts confirmed the equality of 1 liter of water to one kilogram of the same liquid. But, only under the condition of maintaining a temperature of 3.98 degrees Celsius, and atmospheric pressure - 1 atmosphere. Under such conditions, the cubic decimeter equivalent was slightly different. So, 1 liter of water already weighed 1.00002 cubic decimeters.
In order not to get confused in these measures, in 1964 the International Committee again equalized the measures of a liter and a cubic decimeter. To maintain this balance, it is important that the water is pure, without additives. Ordinary drinking water contains minor impurities of salts, which have an impact on its weight, a measure of measurement.
What affects the weight of water?
From the lessons of physics, we know that there are some differences between mass and volume. Mass measures the size of an inert body, and it is determined by kilograms. Water, like a liquid, is measured in volumes. To determine how many kilograms in one liter of water, you need to consider some factors. The following indicators affect the mass of water:
- Pressure (atmospheric);
- Temperature;
- Aggregate state of the liquid;
- Type of water (with salt, fresh);
- Type of hydrogen isotope.
At different states of aggregation, the density of water changes. Thus, the maximum density is observed at the moment of freezing of the liquid. If the air temperature has a positive value, the amount of liquid begins to increase, it becomes light. Therefore, ice always floats on the surface and never sinks. Therefore, in the table, the following water weight indicators can be distinguished depending on the state of aggregation:
The mass of salt water is slightly increased. So, 1 liter of salty liquid weighs 1 kilogram and 24 grams. It also affects atmospheric pressure.
How many kilograms are in 1 liter of water?
If we take into account all indicators, external factors, it is fashionable to calculate the weight of a liquid in 1 kg. How many kilograms are in 5 liters of water? So, at room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, and atmospheric pressure of 760 millimeters of a mercury column, the mass will be as follows:
- 1 liter = 1 kilogram;
- 5 liters = 5 kilograms;
- 10 liters = 10 kilograms.
In the case of other temperature "plus" values, the mass of 1 liter of water will be 998.6 grams. The liquid from the tap is also different from pure distilled. To identify the mass of tap water, you need to determine what impurities it contains. Based on chemical indicators, the weight of the liquid will be calculated using a special formula.
Quite often, when performing repair procedures, it becomes necessary to convert the volume of paint products into weight or vice versa. Often such information is used to convert the composition used to other volumes, for example, if the paint is in a container with a non-standard denomination or tank. But not many beginners in the building trade know how to convert kilograms to liters or vice versa. This article will consider how many liters of paint are contained in 1 kg, depending on the type of paint mixture.
Any volume can be converted to mass, provided that you know the specific gravity of 1 liter of solution. The question can be put in another way. So many buyers often ask how much is the weight of a liter can of paint. Finding such information on the Internet is not always easy, especially when it comes to non-standard containers, so quite often you have to do the calculations yourself.
A lot of factors can affect the weight of the mixture, including:
- share of products;
- solution density;
- additives that were added by the manufacturer during production.
That is why the mass of different types of paint and varnish products can vary quite a lot.
It must be taken into account that GOST data provide information only in measurements that have been approved by international standards, for example, kg / m3. But we need kg/l - which is 1000 times less than approved. In any case, the weight of paint and varnish products will depend on its variety.
How to calculate paint weight? Everything is simple. We take the density indicator indicated on the package, usually it varies between 1.2-1.6. To find out the displacement in 1 kilogram, you need to multiply the number of kilograms by the density. Consider an example of how much 1 liter of paint with a density of 1.5 kg / l weighs: 1 l * 1.5 kg / l \u003d 1.5 kg. Next, we calculate how many liters 1 kilogram of paint will take: 1 kg: 1.5 kg / l \u003d 0.667 liters.
Water is a vital liquid for the existence of all living things. Dehydration leads to the death of any living organism. In this regard, various studies of water have been carried out for a long time. For a long time, ancient scientists could not determine the magnitude of the measurement. Today, the unit of measure for water is the cubic decimeter or liter. It is known that liters are different from kilograms. So, for example, in 1 liter of sunflower oil there is less than 1 kilogram of the same product. Why is this happening? And how much does 1 liter of water weigh in kg?
History of water
When asked how much a liter of water weighs in kilograms at different times, they answered differently. So, back in 1793, they adopted today's unit of measurement of liquid - a liter. And the French did it. And only in 1879, at the International Committee of Weights and Measures, it was decided to equate a measure of one liter to one cubic decimeter.
Already in the 20th century (1901), experts confirmed the equality of 1 liter of water to one kilogram of the same liquid. But, only under the condition of maintaining a temperature of 3.98 degrees Celsius, and atmospheric pressure - 1 atmosphere. Under such conditions, the cubic decimeter equivalent was slightly different. So, 1 liter of water already weighed 1.00002 cubic decimeters.
In order not to get confused in these measures, in 1964 the International Committee again equalized the measures of a liter and a cubic decimeter. To maintain this balance, it is important that the water is pure, without additives. Ordinary drinking water contains minor impurities of salts, which have an impact on its weight, a measure of measurement.
What affects the weight of water?
From the lessons of physics, we know that there are some differences between mass and volume. Mass measures the size of an inert body, and it is determined by kilograms. Water, like a liquid, is measured in volumes. To determine how many kilograms in one liter of water, you need to consider some factors. The following indicators affect the mass of water:
- Pressure (atmospheric);
- Temperature;
- Aggregate state of the liquid;
- Type of water (with salt, fresh);
- Type of hydrogen isotope.
At different states of aggregation, the density of water changes. Thus, the maximum density is observed at the moment of freezing of the liquid. If the air temperature has a positive value, the amount of liquid begins to increase, it becomes light. Therefore, ice always floats on the surface and never sinks. Therefore, in the table, the following water weight indicators can be distinguished depending on the state of aggregation:
The mass of salt water is slightly increased. So, 1 liter of salty liquid weighs 1 kilogram and 24 grams. It also affects atmospheric pressure.
How many kilograms are in 1 liter of water?
If we take into account all indicators, external factors, it is fashionable to calculate the weight of a liquid in 1 kg. How many kilograms are in 5 liters of water? So, at room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, and atmospheric pressure of 760 millimeters of a mercury column, the mass will be as follows:
- 1 liter = 1 kilogram;
- 5 liters = 5 kilograms;
- 10 liters = 10 kilograms.
In the case of other temperature "plus" values, the mass of 1 liter of water will be 998.6 grams. The liquid from the tap is also different from pure distilled. To identify the mass of tap water, you need to determine what impurities it contains. Based on chemical indicators, the weight of the liquid will be calculated using a special formula.
Each liquid has its own weight, depending on volume and mass. How many kilograms per liter of water, milk, gasoline or other liquid is known to units, so we decided to prepare detailed material on this topic. Consider, for example, the most popular liquids that each of us regularly encounters in everyday life.
How much does water weigh?
In 1901, 1 liter of water was equated to exactly 1 kilogram, but later it turned out that this ratio is true only under certain conditions. Atmospheric pressure should be 760 mm Hg. Art., and the temperature of the water and the environment - 4 degrees Celsius. Under other conditions, the density of water changes slightly. In this regard, in 1964, the binding of 1 liter of water to 1 kilogram was no longer used in the exact sciences, but in everyday life you can easily rely on this ratio, since the deviations are insignificant.
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How many kilograms in a liter of milk?
Contrary to popular belief, a liter of milk does not weigh 1 kilogram, but a little more. This is confirmed by the simplest physical formula m=P*V, where m is the mass, V is the volume and P is the density. When calculating the weight of milk according to the formula, it is necessary to take into account its density, on which the density depends. The latter varies from 1027 to 1032 kg/m3. If we take the density of 1029.5 as an example and substitute it into the formula, it turns out that 1 liter of milk weighs 1.03 kg. Again, we note that in normal living conditions this difference will hardly be noticeable, so you can safely equate a liter of milk to a kilogram.
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Mass of fuel and lubricants
Now let's find out how many kilograms are in 1 liter of gasoline, diesel fuel and motor oil. As in the previous cases, the weight depends on the volume and density and is calculated using the same formula. In order not to torment you with calculations, here is a table with the main types of fuel and lubricants:
|
Liquid |
kilograms |
|
|
gasoline A-76 |
||
|
ordinary diesel fuel |
||
|
winter diesel fuel |
||
|
engine oil 5w-30 |
||
As you can see, the masses of different types of fuels and lubricants may differ slightly, but you now know the approximate values of how much a liter of diesel fuel, gasoline and other liquids weigh.
How much does paint weigh?
The mass of paints and varnishes largely depends on their brand and GOSTs, according to which they are made. Consider several of the most popular types of paints and varnishes, namely how many kg in one liter:
- water emulsion - in 1 liter about 1.34-1.36 kg;
- acrylic weighs - 1.45-1.55 kg;
- paint PF-115 - 0.9-0.92 kg;
- primer GF-021 - 1.49-1.52 kg.
Weight of other liquids
Also consider a small list of other common liquids. Let's take 1 liter of each of them and translate into kilograms:
- a liter of wine - 0.97-0.99 kg;
- kefir - 1.027-1.040 kg;
- juice with pulp - 1.05 kg;
- juice without pulp or nectar - 1 kg exactly;
- alcohol - 0.789 kg;
- sunflower oil - 0.92-0.93 kg;
- a liter of honey - from 1.402 to 1.443 kg;
Separately, we note how many grams are in 1 liter of gas:
- nitrogen - 1.251 g;
- air - 1.293 g;
- methane - 0.717 g;
- helium - 0.178 g;
Mass of solid and bulk materials
Many do not know, but some bulk materials are usually measured not in kilograms, but in liters. This applies to sand, coal, earth, so in the table below we will consider how much 1 liter of each of them weighs:
Converting liters to kilograms is not required so often, but now you will know how much a particular liquid or solid material weighs.
According to invoices - one hundred and ninety-four tons ... Wai, woe to me ...
- How much is missing?
The Oriental replied:
- Very little. Four tons is not enough.
Actually, ten.
At the most, sixteen tons are missing.
The brigadier shook his head.
- You're an artist, dad! Sixteen tons of glucose moved! When did you make it?
The guest explained:
- People come up at all stations. Our Soviet people. Give in, they say, dear Bala, some grapes. And I have a good heart. Take it, I say.
- Well, yes, - the brigadier nodded, - and you sell them sixteen tons of state property. And, as they say, by no means by bank transfer.
The Eastern man clutched his head again:
- I know that rysk! I know it's turma! Good heart - I can not refuse.
© S.Dovlatov "Grapes"
The kilogram has become lighter. Either someone bit off 50 micrograms from the standard - the weight of a fingerprint, or the rest of the colleagues-standards sharply gained weight. Meanwhile, the kilogram is the only SI unit that is defined using an object made by people.
So, the keepers of this very standard receive a lot of interesting offers like, "maybe we can cut it off, 10 grams, huh? Well, for a couple of thousand lyam oiro." Can you imagine what scale of world underweight can be arranged with the help of a standard?
And they will hang out the weight in the markets: Rate on September 14, 2007 1 kg = 950 grams. By the way, a liter, probably already, is also under threat ...
At the moment, the kilogram is the only SI unit that is defined using a human-made object - a platinum-iridium standard. All other units are now defined using fundamental physical properties and laws.
The standard was made in 1889 and has since been stored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures under three sealed glass caps. It is an alloy of platinum and iridium 3.9 centimeters high and in diameter. Exact official copies of the international standard were also made, which are used as national standards of the kilogram. In total, more than 80 copies were created. Copies of the international standard are also stored in the Russian Federation, at the All-Russian Research Institute of Metrology. Mendeleev. Approximately once every 10 years, national standards are compared with international ones. These comparisons show that the accuracy of national standards is approximately 2 µg. Since they are stored under the same conditions, there is no reason to believe that the international standard is more accurate. For various reasons, in a hundred years the international standard loses 0.00000003 of its mass. However, by definition, the mass of an international standard is exactly equal to one kilogram. Therefore, any change in the actual mass of the standard leads to a change in the value of the kilogram.
To eliminate these inaccuracies, various options for redefining the kilogram based on fundamental physical laws are currently being considered. So, since 2003, an international group of researchers from 8 countries, including Germany, Australia, Italy and Japan, under the auspices of the German Standards Laboratory, has been working to redefine the kilogram as the mass of a certain number of silicon-28 isotope atoms. The second project, called "Electronic Kilogram", started in 2005 at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The head of this project, Richard Steiner, claims that he has been working on the creation of the "electronic kilogram" for more than ten years. Scientists led by Dr. Steiner have created a device that measures the power required to generate an electromagnetic field, with which one kilogram of mass can be lifted. With its help, scientists were able to determine the mass of one kilogram with an accuracy of 99.999995%.
In November 2007, an advisory group will meet in Paris to determine an alternative to the metal standard of the kilogram, as well as other measures: the kelvin, which serves as a unit for measuring temperature, and the mole, which expresses the amount of a substance. The benchmarks will be based on more accurate calculations and all states will have to accept these changes.
One of the contenders for the role of a new kilogram standard is a ball created from a crystal of the silicon-28 isotope - such a standard would include atoms of the same type and would have a fixed mass.
Based on materials and forums dirty, wiki, rian
